Philippine Spanish Era Essay

Chapter 8 1. Explain how the British occupation of the country opened the eyes of the people in certain regions to the idea of freedom and expulsion of the Spaniards? During this period, the Filipinos discovered how weak Spain was when it comes to armory when the British defeated them. Eventually, Archbishop Manuel Rojo surrendered Manila and Cavite thus exposing them furthermore as to how vulnerable they were. 2. Why did the economic plans of Governor-General Basco fail? His plans failed because of his establishment of government monopolies. These monopolies benefited only the government and not the people. There was much corruption because the government was the only one who can transact business and having the exclusive right to purchase, classify and sell all the products locally or even abroad made the people poorer. 3. Why were the Spanish authorities in the Philippines opposed to the education of the Filipinos? The Spanish authorities opposed the education of the Filipinos because as they feared it, Filipinos will come to learn about their rights of equality. 4. Explain how the middle class arose. Who composed the middle class? In 1834 the King of Spain opened Manila to foreign traders, thus starting the development of manufacturing and agriculture in the country. Many crops and other products from different regions were produced. Many ports were also opened including the introduction of the first modern machinery – called the sugar refinery. This started to improve the lives of the inquilinos or tenants in the haciendas as their families started to acquire wealth. They became the middle class, a group below the aristocratic Spanish officials and religious orders but higher or above the poor and uneducated Indios. 5. Explain how the opening of the Suez Canal affected the educated Filipinos. With the opening of the Suez Canal, travel from Manila to Spain was shortened. Because of this, there was an influx of progressive books and periodicals that circulated in the country, thus bringing in modern technology. Also, many Spaniards with progressive ideas migrated to the country influencing the educated Filipinos with their subversive ideas and activities who now clamored for changes in the administration of the colony. 6. What was the effect of the migration of liberal Spaniards on the educated Filipinos and mestizos? With the migration of the liberal Spaniards, the educated Filipinos were exposed to their subversive ideas and activities. And later on they were encouraged to go to Europe to continue their studies and prove that they were the equal of the Spaniards. 7. How did the Spanish Revolution of 1868 affect the events in the Philippines? The Spanish Revolution of 1868 affected the events in the Philippines by putting into practice the liberal principles of the revolutionists of Spain. 8. What were the reforms of Governor-General Carlos Maria de la Torre that endeared him to the educated Filipinos? The reforms of Governor-General Carlos Maria de la Torre that endeared him to the educated Filipinos were the abolishment of censorship of the press, removal of flogging as punishment and solving the problem of agrarian unrest in Cavite. 9. Why was liberalism in the Philippines short-lived? Why was a reactionary governor-general sent to the Philippines? Liberalism was short-lived in the Philippines when the Republic of Spain ended and the monarchy was restored. Governor-General Rafael de Izquierdo was sent in order to bring back autocratic rule, thus censorship of the press and restrictions on freedom of speech were restored. All those who favored Governor-General de la Torre were considered suspects that were spied upon. 10. Explain what is meant by secularization. How did this lead to Filipinization? Secularization was a campaign meant for Filipinos, Spanish mestizos or Chinese mestizos the right to administer the parishes. The secular priests felt that the position as parish head was denied to them because they were not Spaniards. This was eventually called Filipinization because of its racial overtone. 11. Why do you think the Spanish authorities called the Cavite mutiny a rebellion? The government believed it was a rebellion because some Spanish soldiers and officers were killed by the mutineers who were mosty Indios, mestizos , and criollos. 12. Explain the importance or significance of the execution of Fathers Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora? The execution of Fathers Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora made the people feel the need to unite being Filipinos and not as Ilocanos, Visayan or some other race. Chapter 9 1. Explain the nature of the reform movement. What did it stand for? The Reform Movement was created to introduce changes in the Philippines. There was discontentment not only among the poor but also among the educated and well-to-do Filipinos. The Reform Movement was the start for wealthy and educated Filipinos to air their complaints through peaceful means such as writings, speeches, organized societies and artworks. 2. Name the foremost reformists who went to Spain. Describe each of them. The important reformists who went to Spain were: Dr. Jose Rizal, Graciano Lopez Jaena and Marcelo H. Del Pilar. Dr Jose Rizal observed early in life how the Spanish authorities maltreated the Filipinos which made him swore to work the freedom of the country. He went to Spain for further studies in Medicine and learned several languages. His important novels – Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo talked on the abuses and defects of the Spanish government which led to his death. Graciano Lopez studied in a seminary to become a priest and later on shifted to Medicine. Like Dr. Jose Rizal he observed the cruelty and immorality of the friars and government officials. He was a good writer and founded La Solidaridad, a newspaper intended to be the propaganda arm of the Filipino reformists. Marcelo H. Del Pilar, was the greatest journalist produced by the purely Filipino race. He finished Law Studies and starte d campaigning against the abuses of the friars and the civil officials. He founded Diariong Tagalog, a Tagalog-Spanish newspaper that talked on how to improve the administration of the government. Marcelo H. Del Pilar, like Dr. Jose Rizal wrote many books but unlike them, he wrote in the vernacular so he could reach the masses which were truly enjoyed and understood. 3. What did the reformist want? The reformist had several demands. First was to be represented in the Spanish Court, the right to vote, freedom of speech and freedom of assembly of the press, freedom of commerce, the removal of the friars from the Philippines because they were obstacle to progress, education of the people, reforms in the jails of the country and abolition of the diezmos prediales or the tithe consisting of one tenth of the produce of the land. 4. What is meant by assimilation? In what way or ways would it benefit the Filipinos? Explain your answer. Assimilation was one of the ideas included in the Reform Movement which aimed to make the Philippines a province of Spain thereby granting Spanish citizenship to Filipinos. If this idea was only accepted by the Spanish government, the Filipinos will enjoy the rights and benefits of being a Spanish citizen, ending cruelty and maltreatment of the Filipinos. 5. What were the aims of La Solidaridad? Why was it founded? The La Solidaridad was founded to become the propaganda arm of the reformists. It was aimed to fight reaction, to stop all efforts to keep the Philippines a backward country, to extol liberal ideas, and to defend progress. 6. In what way was Marcelo H. Del Pilar different from Rizal? As propagandist of the Filipino cause, who between the two was more effective? Explain your answer. Marcelo H. Del Pilar was different from Rizal in the sense that he wrote most of his books and articles in Tagalog so the Filipinos can truly understand its contents . For me Marcelo H. Del Pilar was more effective as a propagandist because his writings in Tagalog reached everyone from the poorest to the educated Filipinos. But because of lack of funds and his death, he was not able to continue this. Dr Jose Rizal, on the other hand wrote in Spanish which can only be read by the Spanish officials and friars and the educated Filipinos. It was only through his death that the masses came to understand his undertakings. 7. What role did the Pro-Filipino societies play? Why did they fail? The Pro-Filipino Societies were created as the starting ground for the reformists so they could find help from Spaniards with liberal ideas. The society was organized to propagate reforms in the Philippines in the form of a newspaper but then it was short-lived due to lack of funds and lack of leadership. 8. Explain how Masonry helped in the campaign for reforms. Name at least 2 Masonic Lodges in the Philippines during the Spanish period which helped propagate the cause of the Filipinos. How significant was Masonry for the Filipino women? Masonry is for the liberal-minded that’s why many Filipino reformists joined this. The aim of Masonry was the same with that of the reformists that’s why the two groups were actually hitting one bird with two stones. The Nilad and the WALANA were just two of Masonic Lodges established in Manila. The WALANA Masonic Lodge was composed of women. Through this the women were able to contribute their time to help propagate reforms. 9. Why did Rizal found the La Liga Filipina? What were its aims? Why was it not successful? In your opinion, was the La Liga a reformist or a revolutionary organization? Explain your answer. Rizal founded the La Liga Filipina as a civic society. Its aims were to unite the whole archipelago into one strong body; to give mutual protection of all members in case of necessity; to encourage agriculture, commerce, and education; to defend members against any kind of violence and injustice; and to study and apply reforms. It was not successful because the Spanish authorities felt it was dangerous which led to the arrest of Dr. Jose Rizal, instantly killing the Liga. For me the Liga was a reformist organization because its intentions were only to help improve the lives of Filipinos which was only a temporary solution. 10. Explain why the reform movement failed? The reform movement failed because: 1) The High Spanish officials in Spain were too busy attending to their own internal problems to bother the problems of a colony. 2) The reformists in the Philippines and in Spain did not have the necessary funds to make their campaign effective. 3) The reformists were not united because of jealousy among themselves. 4) He friars in the Philippines had influential friends and supporters in Spain who opposed the introduction of reforms. Chapter 10: 1. Explain why Marcelo H. Del Pilar shifted to the idea of revolution. What made him think in terms of revolution? Marcelo H. Del Pilar shifted to the idea of revolution because the reform movement which aims to secure the remedies for their problems in peaceful means was not effective.The Spanish government ignored the plight of the people that’s why Del Pilar decided that revolution is the only way to achieve their goal. 2. What was the immediate cause of the founding of the Katipunan? What caused Bonifacio to change tactics and strategy? Was he right to make such a change? The immediate cause of the founding of the Katipunan was to recruit Filipinos to become members through the method called the triangle system which aimed to minimize the danger of discovery by the Spanish authorities. But Bonifacio realized that the method was very slow in recruiting its members so he decided to adopt the system used by Masonry in enlisting its members which was a good idea because it was faster than the triangle method. 3. Explain briefly the â€Å"triangle method.† How successful was it in recruiting members for the Katipunan? The triangle method of enlisting members of the Katipunan started with a member recruiting 2 new members who did not know each other and the 2 new members will do the same.It was not that successful because they were able to enlist few members. This method was very slow in its process that’s why they just decided to get as many new members as they could. 4. What were the aims of the Katipunan? In what ways was the Katipunan different from La Liga Filipina? The aims of the Katipunan were based on civic, political and moral objectives.Civic objective was based on the principle of self-help and the defense of the weak and the poor. Political objective was the separation of the Philippines from Spain and lastly moral objective focused on the teaching of good manners, hygiene, and good moral character. The La Liga worked for radical reforms using peaceful means while the Katipunan on the hand aimed to regain the Philippines and be freed from slavery through revolutionary means. 5. In what way did the Katipunan government resemble or differ from the Spanish colonial government? The Katipunan stood as a real government like that of Spain because it was governed by a Supreme Council as it was a King for Spain. They also had the Sangguniang Hukuman which was the Spanish Cortes.But the Katipunan was more nationalistic in nature because they had teachings called the Decalogue that must be the guide of the members. And most of all every activity of the Katipunan government was done in secrecy so as not to de discovered by the Spanish authorities. 6. When Bonifacio worked for the replacement of Deodato Arellano and Roman Basa as supremo of the Katipunan, what trait or character did he show? Was Bonifacio right in replacing Arellano and Basa? Give your reasons. Bonifacio was a very perfectionist man. He saw that Arellano and Basa were not good in doing their jobs that’s why he decided on his own to work for their replacement. He proved himself to be a better leader but the means of replacing Basa and Arellano was based on his influence. But on the other hand, the lack of leadership of Arellano and Basa wasted the time of the Katupunan. 7. Name the grades of membership of the katipunan and their respective passwords. What do you notice about the passwords, particularly the use of Rizal for the highest member? The first grade was the catipon with their password – Anak ng Bayan, the second was kawal with their password GOM-BUR-ZA and lastly, Bayani with password RIZAL. The highest member being the leader and founder of the Katipunan used Rizal as password being their ultimate source of inspiration in their fight for freedom. 8. Explain why Bonifacio invented the Katipunan secret codes. How would you characterize Bonifacio for inventing such codes? Bonifacio invented the codes to avoid being discovered by the Spaniards.He had shown his ingenuity knowing this would protect the Katipunan by making it difficult for the Spaniards to read letters or any written communication. 9. Why were the Katipunan members called the sons of the people? Explain this very carefully. They were called the sons of the people because their ultimate goal was to free the Philippines from Spain and to protect the rights of the people. In The Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan which was written by Bonifacio, stated that love of God is also love of country and this too is love of one’s fellowmen. By this statement alone the Katipuneros proved themselves to be guardian of the Filipino people that,s why they were the sons of the people. 10. Why was a Katipunan branch for women founded? Who were its members? Andres Bonifacio wanted to involve the women in the Katipunan that’s why a branch for women was founded. The members were limited only to the Katipuneros’ spouses, sisters, daughters and other selected women. 11. In what way did the Kalayaan help propagate the revolutionary ideas of Bonifacio and Jacinto? The Kalayaan contained articles written by Bonifacio, Jacinto and Valenzuela. The newspaper reached the farthest provinces influencing many Filipinos to become members of th Katipunan. 12. Identify and comment on the following code names: Madlang-Away; Agapito Babumbayan; and Pingkian. Madlang-Away was the code name of Pio Valenzuela stood for the fight of the masses for freedom. Agapito Bagumbayan, the pen name of Bonifacio, stood the death of Rizal in Luneta or Bgumbayan.

Mutual Funds Essay

A mutual is a kind of investment-company that combines money from many investors and backers and invests the money in bonds, money-market instruments, stocks, other securities and sometimes even cash. A mutual fund in basic terms is a large group of people who lump their money together for management companies to invest. And, like most things in the world, there are fees and commissions involved. Mutual funds are managed by money managers, who capitalize the fund’s capital and try to produce capital gains and revenue for the fund’s investors. A mutual fund’s portfolio is organized and maintained to mimic the investment objectives defined in its catalogue. A mutual fund has many characteristics, which are listed below. Investors and backers purchase shares in the mutual fund from within the fund, or through a broker or fund agent, and cannot buy the shares from other backers on a secondary market such as the NASDAQ stock market or New York Stock Exchange. The amount that investors purchase their mutual funds shares for is the estimated net asset value or NAV per share in addition to any fees that the fund may charge at the time of purpose, such as sales charges, also known as sales loads. Mutual fund shares are convertible, meaning when an investor wants to sale their shares, they sell them back to the mutual fund or to a broker working for the fund at the net asset value less any fees the mutual fund may charge, such as deferred sales loads or reclamation fees. Mutual funds commonly sell their shares on a continuous basis, although some funds will stop selling when, for instance, they reach a certain level of assets under management. The investment portfolio of a mutual fund is typically managed by separate entities known as investment advisors that are registered with the SEC. Furthermore mutual funds themselves are registered with the SEC and subject to SEC regulation. There are many forms of mutual funds, which include index funds, stock funds, bond funds, and money market funds. Each type of mutual fund has a different investment objective, strategy and investment portfolio. Different mutual funds are also subject to different risks, volatility, and fees and expenses. Fees related to a mutual fund reduce returns on fund investments and are an important feature that investors should consider when buying mutual fund shares. Mutual funds come in two main types, categorized by how the fees are charged. The types are load mutual funds and no-load mutual funds. A load mutual fund charges for the shares/units purchased plus an initial transactions fee. The initial transaction fee is typically no more than 9% of the investment fund amount or can also be a standard fee contingent on the mutual fund provider. This fee is added to your purchase as a sales fee. There are a couple different types of load funds out there. Back-end loads mean the fee is charged when you redeem the mutual fund. A front-end load is the opposite of a back-end load and means the fee is charged up front. A no-load fund means investors and backers can buy and redeem the mutual fund units/shares whenever without a commission or sales charge. Some companies such as banks and broker-dealers may charge fees and commissions for the transaction and exchange of mutual funds. Many no-load funds charge a fee if you redeem them early. Most people endorse avoiding load funds altogether and studies have shown that load mutual funds and no load mutual funds offer the same return, however, one charges a commission fee. A 12B-1 fee is the yearly marketing or sharing fee on a mutual fund. The 12B-1 fee is treated as an operational expense and is incorporated in the fund’s expense ratio. The 12B-1 is usually between .25% – 1% of a fund’s net assets. The name of the fee comes from a segment of the Investment Company Act of 1940. An electronically traded fund or ETF is a security that follows an index, group of assets or commodity, but trades them like a stock on an exchange. Prices for ETFs change throughout the day when they are bought and sold. Because ETFs are traded like stock, they do not have NAVs calculated everyday. References 1. â€Å"U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Information on Mutual Funds†. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Retrieved 2011-04-06. 2. Fink, Matthew P. (2008). The Rise of Mutual Funds. Oxford University Press. p. 9.

Case Study Analysis Of Job Sharing At Motorola †Free Samples

1.How does Motorola’s job sharing system fit with their business needs? 2.What particular needs do female employees face in work-life balance arrangements such as job sharing? 3.What are the advantages and disadvantages of job sharing to job sharers and their managers? 4.What cultural factors come into play in introducing job sharing into other organisations in an Australian context? 1. Motorola in order to remain competitive implement various work life balance practices which includes a job sharing system. A job sharing system requires the employees to work in a 12 hours shift for seven hours for seven days divided into four and three days a week. The full hour shift is divided into two employees equally. As mentioned in a case study Motorola plant operates 24 hours and 7 days a week, which means the work pressure is very high. Job sharing reduces the work burden on employees and helps them to remain productive throughout their work shift. This also enables the two individuals to work together and achieve the organizational goals effectively. It also creates loyal workers and helps the organization to retain talented and hardworking people who want more flexibility in their work hours due to personal commitment (Michael Page, 2016). The operators feel valued and satisfied at the workplace which directly increase their productivity and reduced the absenteeism ra te. It also prevents external recruitment and the cost associated with hiring and training new individual. Job sharing have enabled Motorola to operate 24 hours and 7 days with each employee committed to work efficiently to give them a competitive edge in the industry (Weinreb, 2011). 2. Job sharing for female employees is an appreciated arrangement in which they can effectively manage the work life balance but still there are certain issues female faces in work life arrangement. Female attrition rate is very high in organization due to the lack of flexibility in their workplace roles and responsibilities. When the work hours are reduced there are chances that the base pay will also get reduced accordingly. This directly affects their career development. In order to successfully carry out job sharing arrangement the availability of a job sharer is also very important. The job sharer should have same set of skills and abilities to complement the role of other employee. If it is not possible then the work performance gets affected. Women who perform night duty as a part of their job sharing may confront security issues and sexual harassment issues. The chances of performance appraisals also get reduced as the performance is measured as a team and not individually ( Richardson, 2009). Job share can mostly work in supportive roles; women who are into the role of senior level have to resume a full time responsibility or either compromise on their career (ACAS, 2011). Disadvantages to Job sharers and managers: 4. The successful implementation of job sharing arrangements depends a lot on Cultural factors of the country. While introducing Job sharing practices in Australia there are several factors that are to be kept in mind: Â  By taken into account these factors Job sharing can be introduced in Australian organization. Acas. (2011). Help & advice for employers and employees. Retrieved from https://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=3568 on 4 May 2017. AIM. (2012). MANAGING IN A FLEXIBLE WORK ENVIRONMENT. Retrieved from https://www.wgea.gov.au/sites/default/files/AIM-Managing-in-a-Flexible-Work-Environment.pdf on 4 May 2017. Anderson, C. (2016). Why Flexible Work Is The Way Of The Future, And How Small Business Can Help. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2016/04/01/flexible-work-jobs_n_9579456.html on 4 May 2017. Crampton, S., Douglas, C., Hodge, J. & Mishra, J. (2003). Job Sharing: Challenges and Opportunities. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/10683863.pdf on 4 May 2017. Daniels, L. (2011). JOB SHARING AT SENIOR LEVEL: MAKING IT WORK. Retrieved from https://www.thejobshareproject.com/3434hjkv97fgb378fbv/jobsharefullreport.pdf on 4 May 2017. Michael Page. (2016). The benefits of job sharing. Retrieved from https://www.michaelpage.co.uk/advice/career-advice/making-your-next-career-move/benefits-job-sharing on 4 May 2017. Richardson, M. (2009). Making job share work: Australian women share their success secrets. Retrieved from https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj6uMLu1tXTAhWBQI8KHXeTBKEQFggtMAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moirgroup.com.au%2F_literature_56452%2FMaking_job_share_work&usg=AFQjCNF7_NxEjodbJDqGfCm1aaumODrYhA on 4 May 2017. Weinreb, E. (2011). How Job Sharing May Be The Secret To Work-Life Balance. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/work-in-progress/2011/10/24/how-job-sharing-may-be-the-secret-to-work-life-balance/#83dc967129c1 on 4 May 2017.

Organizational Structure Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organizational Structure Paper - Essay Example and Starbucks Coffee International (SCI). Starbucks has a three-region organizational structure namely: 1) China and Asia Pacific which includes all Asia Pacific markets and China; 2) Americas which is composed of the United States, Canada, Mexico and Latin America; and 3) EMEA which includes Europe, U.K., Middle East, Russia and Africa (DeGrande, 2011). DeGrande further describes that each region is headed by a president who oversees the company-operated retail business and works closely with the licensed and joint venture partners in each market (2011). All regional presidents report directly to Schultz. Each region coordinates with the Starbucks Global Consumer Products and Foodservice Team (DeGrande, 2011). Starbucks operates through licensed stores instead of franchise-operated stores. Starbucks Corporation controls all licensed stores which includes all food items sold. Each Starbucks store is headed by a store manager and under him are shift supervisors who acts as managers wh en the store manager is out (Schreiner, n.d.). All the other lower level employees, known as â€Å"baristas† report to the shift supervisors. The organizational structure of Starbucks may be differentiated with that of McDonald’s. ... Under the restaurant managers are the assistant managers 1 & 2, to whom the shift running manager reports. Under the shift running manager are the floor manager, staff training crew and the other crew members. The Starbucks organizational structure may also be compared and contrasted with that of Unilever’s structure. Unlike Starbucks which has designed its structure on a per region basis, Unilever grouped its worldwide operations according to two global divisions, namely, the foods and home and personal care divisions (Chapter 11 - Organizational structure and controls, n.d.). However, a similarity in both companies’ structure can be identified in that there are also regional presidents who are responsible for the operations of each division in each region. The regions of the foods division are Asia, Europe, North America, Africa, Middle East and Turkey and Latin America. This structure may be described as the worldwide product divisional structure where the decision-m aking is centralized in the worldwide division headquarters (Chapter 11 - Organizational structure and controls, n.d.). †¢ Evaluate how organizational functions (such as marketing, finance, human resources, and operations) influence and determine the organizational structure of your selected organization. The operation of any Starbucks store, as dictated by its organizational design is highly centralized. This will assure Starbucks customers that they will enjoy the same quality of coffee in any Starbucks outlet anywhere in the world. All products sold in Starbucks stores are standardized in that all product offerings in each store are the same. The Global Consumer Products and Food service Team make sure that the products

The questions below related to Managerial Economics Essay

The questions below related to Managerial Economics - Essay Example Through anchoring people are often overly influenced by outside suggestion. People can be influenced even when they know that the suggestion is not being made by someone who is better informed. (Kahneman & Tversky, 1999). Besides Expected Utility theory also do not seem to be in conformity with the rationality. The famous experiments conducted by Tversky and Kahneman suggested a revolutionary shift from the expected utility theory and clearly suggested than we humans are not essentially rational. These experiments were: We don’t always seem to be behaving according to rationality. The deviation from the rationality seems to be due to Satisficing and heuristics effects. The use of heuristics as a cognitive framework can lead us to errors and similarly satificing seems to be denying the rationality also. The phenomenon of self deception under which a person seems to be acting against what is expected. (Kakures, 1996) Thus the notion that whether a consumer is rational or not is little bit arbitrary in nature as consumers show both tendencies of rationality as well irrationality. Rationally in the sense that consumers considering their limited income, choices, risk appetite, take decisions so that utility is maximized however on the same hand consumers tend to involve themselves into impulse buying and all related activities which potentially point towards the irrational behavior of consumers. Rational thinking can define behavior like impulse buying etc due to the fact that consumers perceive value. There is also a phenomenon called framing effect which basically outlines that we decide differently depending on how we frame the decision based on the losses and gains. (Wang & Fischbeck, 2004). Thus if consumers perceive any gain or loss from making the purchase whether that purchase is rationally made or not is based on how she frames her decision

To what extent do you agree with the Slovak proverb 'The more Essay

To what extent do you agree with the Slovak proverb 'The more languages you speak, the more of a person you are How is this no - Essay Example The word 'identity' has taken on a different meaning. Identity has become part of the chaotic behaviour creating social perception (Freeman79 ) "Identity is a complicated cycle process: knowing, claiming and recognizing". (Chryssochoou 2000) which requires the use of language to communicate. The process of socialization, and communication have become the part of the sociolinguist's job. In this essay we will identify the complex meaning of identity and associate it with the meaning of language. Multiple identities are related to the multiple roles we take in society. It will be shown that speaking a second language, is not an extension of the first language thus a countable number of identities but another set of independent roles in itself. As an independent set of roles is established, a new pluralistic identity has been established. A bilingual person can perceive himself as a different set of identities depending on which language he is speaking. An English speaker will not speak the same language at home as he will speak at work in a foreign country. Or if he does speak at work it will not be at the same linguistic level as it would be if he were speaking to native English speakers. A multilingual personal will have more identities. The more languages a person speaks the more identity roles he will have. Building a better self identity of a L2 learner is done through the use of L1 in the classroom. This technique is the opposite that 20 years ago. Only the target language was thought as being the best result for teaching. As the proverb is dealing with two distinct topics, the essay will deal define the concept of identity then show how identity changes with the concept of multilinguism and then show it affects identity differently. The globalization of languages will be presented to show the effect on languages. A Sociological approach to self identity "The core of an identity is to put the "self" into a "role" and integrating the meanings and expectation s with the role and the performances" (Stets & Burke, 2000). Self is comprised of the mind as the thinking part (Stets & Burke, 2000). The thinking part creates action by the use of language as a means of communication. The concept of one's self or self concept is a collection of meanings used based on information that we have interpreted or gathered from others and taken as information about our 'evaluation' of our existence. (Chryssochoou, X 2000) The language two learner builds his acquisition on how the quality of his performance is perceived by others. Our sense of changing from the learner and the others can be perceived as idealistic or realistic, as the level of the learner is constantly changing (the classroom versus the real environment) Most of what we know about ourselves come from our environment. . Two dimensions of Self esteem have been identified: seeing oneself as competent and capable and feeling that one is accepted and valued (Chryssochoou, X 2000). Self worthine ss and having the ability to succeed are important in establishing the identity theory."In terms of language acquisition, efficacy is a belief about one's ability to become fluent" (Bandura 1995) Identity is a generic term as it is complex and multi-faceted. "The identities are the meanings, one has as a student, a teacher, a mother, a worker†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦" (Stet & Burk, 2000). The Identity Theory in Sociology takes into account 5 common principles

Microsoft Wk 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Microsoft Wk 2 - Essay Example This was followed by IBM which reported sales revenues reaching $22.485 billion; and Oracle in 3rd place at $20.958 billion (van Kooten, 2011). Despite the dominance of Microsoft, one strongly believes that competition within the software industry has been stiff, especially in the last decade, as evidenced by the increasing numbers of new and innovative software companies that enter and participate within this sector. From the information gathered and generated by Software Top100 and as reported by van Kooten and Verberne (2009), there has been fastest growing software companies that aimed to compete and even topple the leadership position nestled by Microsoft. From among the fastest growing software companies noted, Google (headquartered in the USA) topped the list with a remarkable growth rate of 455%; followed by Kaspersky (from Russia) at a growth rate of 177%; and the third by Nintendo (of Japan) with a reported growth rate of 113% (1). The table below would clearly support that competition within the software industry sector has reflected intense pressure: The lure for financial growth in terms of sales revenues, net profits and vast opportunities offered by the fast developments that technological applications and software development has reflected paved the way for the increased competition, as seen. Further, the report of van Kooten (2011) revealed that the number of entrants and also departures from this sector also prove that stiff competitive pressures either make or break the existence, sustainance and continued support for software companies. In addition, just like in other fast moving industries and sectors, especially within the technological development and applications industry, some industry players apply diverse corporate strategies to fight for market shares. Some large organizations decide to acquire other smaller companies to expand market share and improve

Modern methods of teaching English Language Essay

Modern methods of teaching English Language - Essay Example Moreover, English is one of the most widespread languages of the planet serving as the means of politics, business, and economics communication for world leaders. With the help of the technological innovation and Internet English vocabulary enriches with new words every day. However, there are also degrading process in the language, some grammar rules get redundant and there appear new on their place. Therefore, teaching English demands close attention to all the changes. Every teacher knows that despite general requirements he/she must elaborate personal approach to the teaching and choose among the numerous methods. It is possible to base the choice on the experience received at school or University, or follow already existing methods. There exist numerous techniques of teaching English Language. Some of them become outdated with the development of new technologies, and some get substituted with more efficient. It is hardly possible to choose one method that could be applied for ev ery situation as each technique has its own purpose. It is necessary to know advantages and disadvantages of each method and be able to utilize them according to the situation. There are numerous innovations in English language teaching which appeared in the past century. Many schools, teachers, and applied linguists strived to find the optimal and the most efficient methods of language teaching basing on their understanding of the learning mechanisms. Traditional methods were mostly concentrated on teacher`s explanation of the material, practicing of lexical and grammatical material, and skills development. Modern methods of English language teaching are more student-oriented comparing to the old methods, they encourage students to learn rather than make them learning. A student becomes involved in a half-natural process of interaction with a techer.

Principles of Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Principles of Economics - Essay Example For example, this figure is equivalent to 9% of the German and 8% of the United States’ per capita GDP. Furthermore, in terms of nature of resources, China has somewhat a small holds of resources based on per capita criteria, which is not even comparable to a developed country of a modest character. These facts reveal the extent of the economic gap between China and the developed countries, which sets it trailing behind (Wolf, 2005). To sustain the country on an economic growth path, the Chinese Government has the responsibility of making significant policy adjustments. These policies should be aimed at transitioning the country from middle-income to high-income status. This includes finding measures to address the social and environment imbalances, improving the access to healthcare and education, setting targets to reduce pollution, expanding social protection, and increasing the country’s energy efficiency (Wolf, 2005). The government should also make efforts to disc over a new road to industrialization, and modify the approach of economic development by developing a circular economy, changing the industrial structure, improving the traditional industries and supporting the strategic and emerging industries. The government of China should also promote use of information technology to support industrialization, which in turn can spur the country’s competitive advantage especially in respect to its expansive manufacturing industry. It would also be extremely important for the government of China to continue focusing on its regional development strategies, including turning around the tendency of widening regional economic gap such as supporting the development of the western regions. The idea of supporting development on certain priority zones can be achieved by setting the national spatial development in an orderly and coordinated manner, which should also include coordinating between urban and rural areas development (Sun, 2003). Question 2 When we say that we are engaged in a ‘global economy’, we mean that we are engaged in economic activities that are beyond a particular country’s borders. This includes a situation where international corporations stop relying on production within the mother country and extend their activities to many countries around the world. The global economy is concerned with globalization of production in areas such as finance, markets, labor force and communications (Ernst & Ozawa, 2002). When we talk of free trade, we are referring to a situation where the government of a certain nation eliminates all the artificial barriers to trade, which are usually established to protect the domestic producers from competition from the international market, particularly originating from the trading nations. Free trade is known to increase production because nations are given an opportunity to concentrate in production of those products that they have a competitive advantage. This e nables countries to enjoy efficiencies that come from increased output and economies of scale. Free trade also promotes the efficiency of resource allocation hence spurring production efficiency. This is because individual countries are able to exercise efficient use of resources, which potentially results to higher output (Ernst & Ozawa, 2002). On the other hand, despite the many benefits, there a number of disadvantages associated with free trade. This includes creation of structural unemployment as a result of removal of trade

Artistotle Rhetoric Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Artistotle Rhetoric - Essay Example Hence, Aristotle’s approach of arguments is consistent concerning the use of emotional appeal. He explicitly elaborates that people’s perception of a speaker is a reflection of the appeal to their self-interest, inner sense of identity, and importantly their emotions Cognitive theory of the emotions that Aristotle based his arguments are frameworks that relate feelings with psychological status of individuals expressing them. Cognitive theories give all types of human emotions a genuine and noticeable cognitive thought. In relation to perceived appeal to the individual pathos, cognitive theories help to stamp notion that thoughts and other mental actions perform crucial roles in the development of emotions. Aristotle advances cognitive theory by illustrating the power of emotional appeal in arguments, speeches or personal relationships. Notably, Aristotle’s rhetoric’s emphasizes that pathos is a logical fallacy that can manipulate emotions and facilitate winning of an argument even in the absence of realistic evidence. In other words, emotion is structure of discourse. Thus, Aristotle further elaborates that human beings make decisions based on emotional aspects or appeals. Nonetheless, Aristotle’s theory of emotional appeal has some limitations. For instance, it addresses argumentative and non-argumentative implements of persuasion with considering conflicting perspectives. At some point, this theory outlines that argumentative technique becomes less effective because of worse condition of the audience. Thus, the theory fails to address emotional aspects of listeners

Network Consultant Scenarios Essay Example for Free

Network Consultant Scenarios Essay Complete Case Projects 3-1, 3-2, 3-3 of Guide to Networking Essentials. After determining if a client-based or client/server model will be used, substantively justify your choice in 200 to 300 words. Case Project 3-1 The changes in equipment that are required to bring this company’s network up to date to solve the shared bandwidth problem is replacing the hubs with fast ethernet switches and a router. You could make subnets for each department of the company, creating different collision domains which would eliminate dropped packets. The throughput would be increased based upon the upgraded switch/router. Also Setup a file server to store the large files. I would the issue of this problem by using a mesh topology and run over 300Ft of Cat 5 cable to a single point. You could also run the cable through metal conduits along walls or on the floor or you could always implement a wireless system to solve the ceiling issue. Case Project 3-2 The topology that should be used in this network is an extended star topology because it is a bit more advanced than the regular star topology. Instead of connecting all devices to a central unit, sub-central devices are added in. This allows more functionality for organization. The Extended Star Topology is all but necessary to prevent degraded signals and it is also better for bigger networks. Also the network would be server based because connection will be coming from one central point for all computers allowing for information to be shared between users. There will be as many computers needed for each user of the company, E.biz had 250 computers and five servers so I would probably stick with the 250 computers. The easiest device to reconfigure in an extended star topology would be computers because they would be the last to be connected in the topology. The device that offers the best access to the network medium’s bandwidth would be the hubs connected to the central poi nt because it will be the middle man between the  computer and central point device. Case Project 3-3 This network will be server based because since employees need to access company information and it can be confidential the security level on using a server based network will help control the access of files. There would need to be at least 45 computers connected to the network for the 25 users in the front of the factory and 20 for the workstations on each factory floor. The topology to be used in this case would be physical star topology because all connections will come from one central point, since there are many areas of the factory that will need connection having a central point for connection makes more sense.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Network Media Information Technology Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Network Media Information Technology Essay Im a student of IADCS accessed by NCC Education at Myanma Computer Company in Yangon. Ive to study four core subjects and four elective subjects. In Enterprise Networking Assignment, we have to do handing over and sit exam to achieve that diploma. This assignment is intended to develop some of the heart features of the network and communication to point up the theoretical and practical understanding of the tools and techniques connected with enterprise networking. The tasks in this assignment can be more explored in categorize to acquire advantage of the additional sophisticated features of the network such as telephone system, two-way communications and network topologies. Acknowledgement Firstly I would similar to be grateful NCC Education for improving computer knowledge by preparing this assignment. Thanks also to my lecturer, U AUNG ZAW MYINT for his excellent management in a practiced effect. And also, special gratitude to my colleagues with their support made this assignment successfully. Finally, I wish to widen a deepest thanks to my parents who confident me to come to an end this assignment effectively. Task 1 How the topologies oerate In networking terms, topology refers not only to the physical layout of its computers, cables, and other resources, but also to how those components communicate with each other. A networks topology has a significant effect on its performance and growth potential. There is another terms that fit into topology scheme are Ethernet and token ring, these are sometimes referred to as LAN topologies. The media access method Ethernet uses in a shared-media environment (a logical bus). Token ring networks have a physical star topology but function as a logical ring. All network designs today are based on three simple physical topologies: bus, ring, and star. Bus network topology consists of a series of computers connected along a single cable segment. If this cable fails, the entire network crashes. Fig 1-1 Bus Network Topology Computers connected to form a loop create a ring topology network. A typical single-ring network fail if one computer in the ring fails, but a dual-ring network can operate around any such failure. Fig 1-2 Ring Network Topology A star network topology describes computers connected by cable segments to a central connection point (hub). Star topology doesnt specify how signals should travel from computer to computer, only that cables connect computers to a central device. Fig 1-3 Star Network topology Advantages and disadvantages of network media Media Types Advantages Disadvantages UTP (Twisted pair cable) least expensive, easy to install, widely available and widely use can over only a limited distance, susceptible to interference STP (Twisted pair cable) reduced crosstalk, limit the effects of external interference more resistant to EMI than Thinnet or UTP more expensive than UTP difficult to work with, can over only a limited distance, more fragile than UTP cables Coaxial Cable less susceptible to EMI interference than other types of copper media Less bandwidth than fiber Installation expenses are lofty, Difficult to work with, is not supported for some network standards (eg. Token ring), more susceptible than fiber optic cable Fiber- optic cable is not susceptible to EMI resistant to interference as any media can get, can transmit through longer distance The most expensive form of cabling, expensive to install , difficult to terminate Recommendation I want to recommend setting star network and twisted pair cable (UTP) for the following reasons. Star topology is the relative ease of troubleshooting because all computers connect at a central location; an administrator can quickly and easily isolate network problems involving a single device or cable segment without affecting other devices. Twisted pair (UTP) cable is the common use for star network topology. In UTP cabling, category 5 (cat5), category 5e (cat 5e), category 6 (cat 6) are by far the most popular types. UTP is particularly prone to crosstalk. It is used for telephone system and two-way communication. UTP is common in most office buildings and other work environments. Task 2 Task-2 Internet services The internet services provide for Communication, Information and File transmission all around the world. The following appliance are the most commonly use for internet services. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) -responsible for transferring e-mail. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) -use for file transfer and manipulation services Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) -use to transfer Web pages from a Web server to a Web browser. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)- use to access linked documents on the World Wide Web that are located on a secure server. Post Office Protocol (POP3): specifies how e-mail clients can identify itself to the server and request that mail messages be made available to the user. Connection speeds The connection speeds that are suitable for the above services are as follows: Services Speeds Information 100 Kbps Communication 28 Kbps(mail) Video conferencing just 384 Kbps File transmission over 1 Mbps Examples of ISP in our country Myanmar Post and Telecommunication (http://www.mpt.net.mm/mpt/index.htm) Myanmar Post and Telecommunication offers a variety of access services from dial-up connection (low speed, low cost) like Internet Dial-Up Account or Pre-paid Access Kit to different kind of Broadband Services (high speed, additional voice options) like Broadband Wireless, ADSL or IPSTAR. Depending on your locality, your current telephone line connection, your budget and your requirements, Myanmar Post and Telecommunication can advice you which Access Service will suit you best. To adapt the Access Services even more to your personal wishes you can choose out of different user plans for each service. Recommendation By any way, we have to choose Myanmar Post and Telecommunication because it is not only the only ISP in Myanmar but also a Government Association. It aims that To rapidly build up the market by taking advantage of high capacity satellite and broadband wireless technologies To ensure network flexibility supporting multiple service type ranging from basic voice to advanced multimedia streaming. To provide complete communication service to anybody, anywhere in Myanmar by achieving 100% network converge nationwide. Task 3 Task- 3 Method for Two-way voice communication A full-duplex is data transmission in both two directions at the same time. Land-line is a good example of full-duplex communication in a telephone networks since they allow both directions of callers to speak and be heard in the same time. Examples: Telephone, Mobile Phone, etc. A half-duplex system supports the communication for two directions, but only one caller can speak at a time. If one caller transmits the signal, another caller must wait for the transmitter to stop transmitting. Antennas are of one of the type of trans-receiver that transmit and receive. Examples: walkie-talkie style two-way radio. DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) DECT is not only used mostly in house/miniature office systems but also accessible in various PBX systems used medium and enterprise businesses. This system can be utilized for cordless phones. Voice applications are usually common nowadays. Data applications be, but have been covered by Wi-Fi. 3G cellular (WCDMA) is absolutely full with both DECT and Wi-Fi for not only voice but also data. DECT operates on different frequencies: 1880MHz, 1900MHz, 1910MHz, 1920MHz, and 1930MHz. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) GSM has been continually improved to offer platforms that distribute broad range of mobile services. Where the industry started voice calling, there is a powerful platform able to mobile broadband and multimedia services. Its system is now utilized for 219 countries and more than three billion people are using it. GSM is the industry standard for mobile voice and data. GSM is one of the cellular technologies that used to transmit the signal and data services. GSM activates on four different frequencies; 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 1900MHzs. This phone system uses transmission of digital and there is a maximum power output of 2W. Legal Requirements In our country, MPT (Myanmar Post and Telecommunication) supports mobile communications plan and agree to DECT (Digital Enhance Cordless Telecommunication) technology. Allocation of frequencies for two-way voice communication In the radio-telephone system, there was one central antenna tower per city, and perhaps 25 channels existing on that tower. This central antenna meant that the phone needed a powerful transmitter big enough to transmit 40 or 50 miles (about 70 km). It means that not many people will use radio telephones there just were not enough channels. The brilliance of the cellular system is the division of a city into small cells. This allows extensive frequency reuse across a city, so that millions of people can use cell phones simultaneously. There are different frequencies operate with the Federal Communication Commission use in DECT and cordless phones. 43-50MHz (base: 43.72-46.97MHz, Handset: 48.76-49.99MHz allocated in 1986 fir 10 channels, and later 25 channels, FM system) 1.7MHz (1.64MHz up to 5 channels, AM system) 900MHz (902-928 MHz, allocated in 1990) 1920-1930MHz (DECT Cordless Phone) 1.9 GHz (DECT Phone Standard) 5.8  GHz (allocated in 2003 due to crowding on the 2.4  GHz band). 2.4GHz (recently MPT allow) Licensing Requirements for two-way voice communication As Newtown Fire Department is one of the Government Association, it will not need licenses for communication. In our nation, Myanmar, the national radio communications controller Ministry of Defense control the reunion of radio frequencies. Radio frequency licenses are not usually issued free of charge and the cost of the license can be different greatly depending on country and type of usage. Operating within FCC rules and conventions is the liability of the actual end user. The FCC can fine organization up to $10,000 per day for failure to comply with the rules and conventions! Licensing is an essential piece of the conundrum, and as vital as any other detail when renting 2-way radios. operate on channels with a bandwidth of 12.5 KHz or less (narrowband) disappointment to comply 1,2031 deadline may result in annulment of license must be capable of operating in 6.25 KHz mode activate on 25 KHz channels Costs of setting up and operating system Handsets Type of Description Costs KIRK 7010 Handset Includes battery, excludes charger and power supply à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 250,00 KIRK 2010 Handset, EU Version Includes battery, charger, power supply, belt clip and belt clip connector à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 92,00 KIRK 4040 Handset Includes battery, excludes charger and power supply à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 274,00 Handset accessories Power Supplies Type of Description Costs Power Supply EU for KIRK 5020, 5040, 6020, 6040, 7010, 7020, 7040 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 15,00 Power Supply EU for KIRK 4020, 4040, 4080 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 10,00 Handset accessories USB Cables Type of Description Costs USB Cable for KIRK 5020, 5040, 6020, 6040, 7010, 7020, 7040 handset chargers à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 15,00 Handset accessories Chargers Type of Description Costs Charger for KIRK 4020, 4040 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 15,00 Charger for KIRK 4080 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 31,00 Charger for KIRK 5020, 5040 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 15,00 Handset accessories Safety Lines Connectors Type of Description Costs Safety Line with Connector for KIRK 4020, 4040, 4080 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 15,00 Safety Line Connector for KIRK 4020, 4040, 4080 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 2,00Licensing Type of Description Costs KWS600v3 Multi Cell License à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 206,00 KWS6000 User License, up to 30 users à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 0,00 KWS6000 User License, up to 150 users à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 736,00 KWS6000 User License, up to 500 users à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1.656,00 Services Type of Description Costs Premier Service, One Year, KIRK 2010, 4020, 4040, 5020,5040 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 18,00 Premier Service, Three Years, KIRK 2010, 4020, 4040, 5020, 5040 handsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 42,00 Premier Service, One Year, KIRK 4080 handset à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 48,00 Premier Service, Three Years, KIRK 4080 handset à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 116,00 Limitation of each method Limitations of DECT By using large varies of base stations to support building, it communicate with public telecoms network. 32 Kbit/s of net bit rate, that low for data communication. With good range (up to 200 meter insides and 6 kilometre spending directional antenna outsides, data rates of approximately 500 Kbit/s. DECT emerged one time to be a better unusual to Wi-Fi. DECT activates in 1880-1900  MHz band and defines 10 channels. Each base station framework offers 12 duplex communication channels with one time fit occupying any of channels. Interference-free wireless operation to approximately 100 meters outdoors. Operates clearly in common crowded domestic radio traffic situations. For example, generally resistant to intervention from Wi-Fi systems or video dispatchers, Bluetooth equipment, baby monitors and other wireless devices. Limitations of GSM Data transfer rates will reach up to 171 kbps with General Packet Radio Service which not only splits the mobile call into packets but also allows each phone to use several channels. Technical limitations force a set of maximum cell site range of 35 km of GSM Data speeds up to 9.6 Kbit/s are available. Wavelength: 10 Meter and above, frequency range: 890-915MHz (mobile transmit) and 935-960MHz (base transmit). External Interference: There is another transmitter outside the network such as TV transmission, Railway Station frequency, and microwave links. Recommendation I want to recommend setting DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) for two-way voice communication for the following effects: Several handsets can be use in each base station and each phone line socket. This let several cordless telephones to put in the region of house, all in action with the same telephone jack. There are a battery charger stations in the add handsets instead of a base station. The extra handsets do not need extra telephone sockets or extra transceivers. Capability to make internal (intercom) calls between handsets. Broaden series talk-time, sometimes available to 24 hours. Matrimonial cordless telephone, employing a solo base station to attach one or more handsets to the civic telecoms net, which is now accessible. Civic access, employing large numbers of base stations to offer elevate ability construction or inner-city area treatment as part of civic telecoms net. Unlike the GSM  standards, does not identify any internal facets of the preset network itself. Connectivity to the preset network which might be of a lot of separate types is made through a base station to come to an end the radio link, and a gateway to attach calls to the preset network. Task 4 Task-4 Telephone System available in our country Telephone system is one of the important parts of requirements for Fire Department. Satellite phone are required for a serious incident such as a major terrorist attack or war and then line phone and PBX system are needed. For this department, four line phones are needed at least and four satellite phones for Chief Fire Officer and three watch officer. For each firefighter, the extensions of line cordless phones are required to call form the center via two way voice communication. Line Phone A telephone line is a single-user circuit on a telephone communication system. These refers to the physical wire or other signaling medium connecting the users telephone apparatus to the telecommunications network, and usually also implies a single telephone number for billing purposes reserved for that user. There must be wires to connect with line phone. These wires connect with Local exchange via trunk lines. These wires were generally copper, although aluminum has also been used, and were carried in balanced pairs separated by about 25 cm (10) on poles above the ground, and later as twisted pair cables. Nowadays, modern lines may run underground, and may carry analog or digital signals to the exchange, or may have a device that converts the analog signal to digital for transmission on a carrier system. Moreover there are connecting with jacks RJ11 jack for the departments and homes. Private branch exchange (PBX) system PBX is also an exchange system for telephone. This exchange will serves for Fire Department to communicate easily and cheaply within the Department. It makes connections among the internal phones and then connects them to PSTN (public switched telephone network) by using trunk lines because there is incorporation with phones, fax machines, modems, and more. The extension is used to communicate with each other. The PBXs advantage was cheap for internal phone calls Now PBX became popularity and it started the services such as hunt groups, call forwarding, and extension dialing etc. The advantages when using the VOIP PBX system: Free internal calls Allow virtual incoming numbers to breaking long distance barriers and virtual call centers on anywhere. Easy and quick implementation within the existing PBX infrastructure can be gained with inexpensive Analogue Telephony Adapters that will convert signals from your existing mostly analogue phone lines into VoIP extension. Disadvantages: Dependent on internet connection damageable in the case of power outages for emergency calls, the system cannot be used a) The main equipment that are needed for Fire Department The system components for PBX station are the following. Cabinets, vaults, closets Another housings Wires for interconnection The PBXs switching network. Microcomputer that use for data processing and control. Many cards such as Logic, switching and control, power and Related equipments for PBX operation. Phone Handsets and stations called lines. Telco trunks to communicate public phone network at the outside. The operator is allowed by switchboard to control incoming call. For electricity, High performance UPS (Uninterruptible power supply) b) The features of PBX system The following are main features in PBX system. To dial other extensions To dial outside lines To make an enquiry call to another extension whist connected to an external call To transfer the external call to the extension where an enquiry call had just been made c) Cost of equipments and installation Equipments Costs Installation Costs For each Line Phones, Fire Department will pay $1,600 and PXB installation is $ 2,000. The services charges are estimating $ 800. So totally amount, four line phones and PBX station and services charges are almost $ 9,200. d) Costs of Operating for monthly No. Type of Description Prices 1 2 3 4 Phone Bill for four lines and extensions monthly PBX Operator Salary Bill services for phone company PBX equipment maintenance services $ 350 $ 200 $ 25 $ 75 Total Amount $ 650 Recommendation For Fire Department, telephone system is one of the important parts of requirements. Line phone and PBX system are needed. And then, satellite phone are required for a serious incident such as a major terrorist attack or war. For this department, four line phones are needed at least and four satellite phones for Chief Fire Officer and three watch officer. For each firefighter, the extensions of line cordless phones are required to call form the center via two way voice communication. Task 5 Task-5 If the Newtown has no electrical power or fixed telephone lines being broken, there should be an emergency using of appliance. We can use not only mobiles, walkie-talkies, and satellite phones but also generators which has the voltage of over 6600kva. Satellite Communication Satellite communication can be extremely useful for the users who are situated in vastly remote areas, and cannot access a broadband connection. Satellite receivers on the ground consist of satellite telephones, mobile reception, direct-to-home (DTH) satellite equipment, equipment in aircraft and handheld devices. Two-way voice communications are available. Data rates: 64 Kbit/s. The satellites provide a relay link to the home land earth station from the mobile terminal. Mobiles communications (GSM) Two-way voice communications are available. Can transmit 10 meter and above. Frequency range: 890-915MHz (mobile transmit) and 935-960MHz (base transmit). It is ideal for emergency services and all kinds of personal communications. Walkie-talkies Two-way voice communications are available. Hand-held transceivers can use to communicate between each other, or to vehicle-mounted or support stations. Maximum range is around 2 miles (3kilometers). Frequency range: 49 MHz band (shared with cordless phones, baby monitors, and similar devices) as well as the 900 MHz band.. Task 6 Task-6 Report for Fire Department To Mr. STER BERD November 14, 2010 (Chief Officer, Fire Department) Newtown, Green Road, No. 1111 B. From Ms. KHIN SANDAR PHYO KHINE (Network Engineer) Network Department, Red Links Company Pyay Road Report Title : Recommendation from the view of network engineers for Fire Department The Fire Department has been restructured and is opening a new headquarters building in the Newtown. I have to demonstrate an understanding of the network requirements for a new headquarters including a computer network, telephone system and two-way voice communications with staff on call in fire engines and fire department cars. Firstly, I think star topology is suitable for network design. Because star topology can be management easily and locate problem easily and then it is more expand than Bus and Ring topology. Moreover, in my opinion, I think UTP is more able to use for star topology. Due to cheap, easy installation and widely available and widely use. Secondly, I suggested about the internet connection requirements for the Fire Department. Our age became the age of internet. For Fire Department, it is needed to know the information of fire and to be contact easily. Therefore, I described Internet services, required connection speed and Internet services providers (ISPs) and its prices for requirements. And I said the methods could implement for two way voice communication. There are two kinds of it such as full duplex and half duplex. I had estimated of cost for setting up and operation system including licensing costs and equipment costs. I suggested the limitation of each system. Moreover, I explain the telephone systems available in our country for single-site organization like Fire Department. In the section, I explain the line phone, PBX for extension and satellite phone. The main equipments, features, costs and costs operation the system are explained. In this section, if there is an event of a serious incident such as a major terrorist attack or war, I suggested how can work the operation of Newtown having no electrical power and fixed telephone lines being broken. Sincerely, KHIN SANDAR PHYO KHINE KHIN SANDAR PHYO KHINE (Network Engineer)

Biography of Abraham Lincoln

Biography of Abraham Lincoln Note about ABRAHAM LINCOLN: A Giant among presidents Who was Abraham Lincoln? Abraham Lincoln was a great president of United States. Abraham Lincoln was known by the 16th president of America. Many people think he was the greatest president the United State has ever had. Early Life and Family Ancestry. Abraham Lincoln was born in rural Kentucky on February 12th, 1809. Their parents were having petite schooling and low community standing. At his very young age, his mother Nancy Hanks was no more in this world. For Lincolns better future Thomas (his father) married for the second time with Sarah Johnston. Sarah Johnston takes care of Lincoln like he was her own blood. She raises up Lincoln. Lincoln started his life in New Orleans after some time he migrated to New Salem, Illinois and he worked as a store clerk in their own general store. Career and His Steps Towards Successful Life. Abraham Lincoln become the caption of his volunteer company at the age of 23 years, after the Black Hawk War was broken in 1832. Mainly, he at the same year, Lincolns got his first offer from election office. But, at that time he failed for Illinois state government. He never loses hope and tried for the second time after two years of waiting and at that time he won election to the state legislature. He became a feature to the Whig party in the General Assembly. At that time, Lincolns law career started to flourish. He migrated to Springfield when he was confessed to bar in 1837. During cross-examination, he became a successful lawyer. In 1842, Lincoln get married to Mary Todd Owens. In 1846, Abraham Lincoln was elected to U.S. Congress. After that, he moved to Washington to serve his terms. Later in 1849, Lincoln go back to Springfield for moving further in their lawyer career. The another reason about going to Springfield was to give more time to his wife and their sons. In middle of the 1850s, many questions about slavery started to rise up. Lincoln was unsuccessful about Senate in 1854 and 1858. Notwithstanding these losses, Lincoln received national expose owing to his fair for speech. Political Career. In 1860 Lincoln was nominated for president by his talent, luck and, management. Out of 4 candidates, he was victorious. He got less than 40% of the vote and it creates a fact. Beginning of The War. The Civil War begins when Lincoln goes to argue Fort Sumter in Charleston. Confederate forces opened fire and thats the reason the Civil War began. Abraham Lincoln instead that Civil War was started for the safety of the Union. Also, the fortune of slavery played a major role. The overpowering role of commander-in-chief was taken by Lincoln at the wartime. The rights that as define by Constitution was suspended by him and he had expanded the power of federal government. The significant pieces like homesteaders, taxes, etc., was signed by Lincoln. On 1stJanuary1863, Lincoln took his most significant action to be his Emancipation Proclamation, which flagged the way of 13th Amendment and the abolishment of slavery in America. The Civil War lasted long and it was very expensive for both the side. After Civil War. After the war, Lincoln started charity reconstruction plan to help the nation for uniting once again. ÂÂ   Lincoln maintain support from people and he stands again for the election and he gets avictory in 1864. After few days Lincoln was killed by John Booth in Washington theater. Still, people remember him for his work towards people and feeling proud. Memory and Memorials. Lincoln leave his mark by both preserving the United States as we know it and freeing millions of slaves. Today, people of United States love and remembrance of the sixteenth president can be seen all around the United States. Lincolns face, sixty feet high, is carved into Mount Rushmore. Both the penny and five-dollar-bill feature Lincoln. There are 38 towns and 6 mountains named Lincoln. Moreover, in Washington D.C., the towering Lincoln Memorial is the greatest tribute to the man known as Honest Abe.

The Socio-Economic Link Between Town and Country Essay example -- Karl

Nowadays, nine tenth of the global population are residents of cities. This implies that urbanization reduced modern world to a state where the vast majority of population dwells in the urban areas. Nevertheless, peripheral regions constitute a substantial segment of a state`s socio-economic pattern. One of the most prominent philosophers of the nineteenth century, Karl Marx, in his extraordinary 1848 political treatise The Communist Manifesto, wrote, â€Å"The bourgeoisie has subjected the country to the rule of the towns. It has created enormous cities, has greatly increased the urban population as compared with the rural and has thus rescued a considerable part of the population from the idiocy of rural life. [†¦] it has made the country dependent on the towns† (366). In fact, Marx establishes the idea that bourgeoisie by exploiting proletarians of rural areas encourages an essential social and economic inequality between town and country. Contrariwise, Ad am Smith, one of the most influential economic thinkers of the eighteenth century, in his distinguished 1776 work Of the Natural Progress of Opulence, asserted, â€Å"The great commerce is that between town and country, which is obviously advantageous to both† (351). Inherently, Smith states the concept that country and town exist in a ‘mutual and reciprocal’ socio-economic causation and consent, in which both participants succeed in a relevant mode. To sum up, there is a significant discrepancy in Marx`s and Smith`s opinions. Specifically, Marx maintains that the country is obliged to submit to the absolute dominion of the town, or, by means of Smith`s formulation, ‘the gain of the town is the loss of the country,’ and oppositely Smith argues that there is country modifying... ...nt mode, whereas Marx suggests that in these circumstances the country acts as a defeated party. Particularly, Smith might agree that there is inequality in lifestyles between country and town, nevertheless this inequality is determined not by the town exploiting the country, but is created by the disproportional distribution of opulence between them. The other disagreement manifests in the idea that despite Marx suggests that urban lifestyle is more acceptable than rural, Smith asserts that rural lifestyle is ‘original’ and more preferable for the ordinary citizen. However, despite obvious dissensions between Marx`s and Smith`s argumentations, generally they converge to the ideological balance, since, both Marx and Smith agree that the nature of socio-economic relationships between town and country is fundamentally positive for the general population of the state.

Morrisons Bluest Eye Essay: Dying to Fit In -- Toni Morrison The Blu

The Bluest Eye: Dying to Fit In Claudia MacTeer in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye looks longingly upon society from the outside. Growing up the youngest in the family as well as in a racial minority leaves Claudia feeling excluded and left out. She desires a place within the group society has formed without her. She desires to fit in and be accepted. Claudia desperately wants to experience life to the fullest. She does not want to miss out on any event. Claudia's curiosity is often her conscious motivation to get involved, but the reasons that she acts the way she does go deeper than that. Her personality and character traits make fitting in unfortunately hard to accomplish. Claudia has a strong desire to be included, but her different opinions about life unfortunately create difficulties for her fitting into society. She sees the world from a very different perspective than others. From very early on, Claudia's desires differ from the majority's opinion. She desires to have emotions; society,though, desires possessions. Furthermore, Claudia is physically revolted by what seems to be the epitome of beauty in society's eyes. She feels that she is the only one who feels that little white baby dolls with yellow hair and blue eyes are not beautiful. In a bold attempt to destroy the common perception of beauty, Claudia mangles the dolls she receives, "to see of what it was made, to discover the dearness, to find the beauty, the desirability that had escaped me, but apparently only me" (20). She desires to be included in the unity of society. However, Claudia wants to be included on her own terms. She does not want to limit or conform her beliefs to fit what s ociety wants her ... ...dia's position on the outside of everything forces her into a position of greater strength. Although hurt, the observations she makes mold her into being able to handle difficulties more easily. The loss of innocence which Claudia faces unintentionally is vital to the role she plays in society and in her life. Her thoughts hold a more realistic view of life and human behavior. She sees the pains and sorrows that life truly is constructed of. Claudia feels that she has missed out on so many opportunities and is not included the way others are. Her strong character generates a feeling of both isolation and separation, but, in reality, she tastes life more closely than most people are able to in a lifetime. Although Claudia's passion to be included is unrequited, she is filled with the strength, character, and pain that make her a more knowledgeable and resilient person.

Why There is no Model Family? Essay -- Family Psychology, Family Value

â€Å"Family Aint Shit†: Why There is no Model Family A picture that pops into mind when one thinks of the term â€Å"family†: Mother prepares dinner, Father comes home from a hard day’s work, and the children walk into the house from school. The group sits at the dinner table and discusses the day’s activities with a genuine smile on their faces. Everything for this family is perfect. This example is just a traditional family portrait and is far from the reality of many modern families. It is so far from reality that the entire definition of â€Å"family† can be skewed into whatever subjective opinion one wants. Cold-blooded, homicidal menaces to society can create a â€Å"family† by forming a gang which may have more inner peace than a dysfunctional blood family. Friends can consider themselves family even when they share no blood ties. Gay couples, single males, and parents of different ethnicities can adopt a child and form the â€Å"legal† definition of a family. There is no set-in-stone definition of family; with the complexity of the modern world, the term â€Å"family† can be used to describe blood relations or simply any group of people a bond is felt with. The HBO drama The Sopranos promises to make its viewers rethink the term â€Å"family† with a tagline such as â€Å"Meet Tony Soprano, if one family doesn’t kill him†¦ the other family will† (IMDB). The two families the show speaks about are of two different worlds. The first family (often dysfunctional) is Tony Soprano’s blood family that includes his wife and children. The second family (a complete blood-splattered mess) is Tony’s Mafia affiliations. In the episode â€Å"The Happy Wanderer†, Tony takes the role as the head of house in both families and must balance his life between being a Mob boss and bei... ...ll always be there for your family when they need you, and they'll always be there for you. Blood related or not† (Urbandictionary). This definition is a perfect example of why family is about a bond between its members, not something defined by legality. Through many trials and tribulations, the multitudes of different types of families will continue to exist, breaking the mold of traditional ideas and redefining what we come to think of as â€Å"family†. Works Cited â€Å"Family.† Def. 23. Urbandictionary. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. â€Å"The Happy Wanderer.† The Sopranos. HBO. 20 Feb. 2000. Television. â€Å"’The Sopranos’ (1999) - Taglines.† IMDB. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. Vasquez, Adrian. Personal interview. 15 Feb. 2012. White, Rob. â€Å"Indigenous Youth and Gangs as Family.† Youth Studies Australia 28.3 (2009): 47-56. Academic Search Premier. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. Why There is no Model Family? Essay -- Family Psychology, Family Value â€Å"Family Aint Shit†: Why There is no Model Family A picture that pops into mind when one thinks of the term â€Å"family†: Mother prepares dinner, Father comes home from a hard day’s work, and the children walk into the house from school. The group sits at the dinner table and discusses the day’s activities with a genuine smile on their faces. Everything for this family is perfect. This example is just a traditional family portrait and is far from the reality of many modern families. It is so far from reality that the entire definition of â€Å"family† can be skewed into whatever subjective opinion one wants. Cold-blooded, homicidal menaces to society can create a â€Å"family† by forming a gang which may have more inner peace than a dysfunctional blood family. Friends can consider themselves family even when they share no blood ties. Gay couples, single males, and parents of different ethnicities can adopt a child and form the â€Å"legal† definition of a family. There is no set-in-stone definition of family; with the complexity of the modern world, the term â€Å"family† can be used to describe blood relations or simply any group of people a bond is felt with. The HBO drama The Sopranos promises to make its viewers rethink the term â€Å"family† with a tagline such as â€Å"Meet Tony Soprano, if one family doesn’t kill him†¦ the other family will† (IMDB). The two families the show speaks about are of two different worlds. The first family (often dysfunctional) is Tony Soprano’s blood family that includes his wife and children. The second family (a complete blood-splattered mess) is Tony’s Mafia affiliations. In the episode â€Å"The Happy Wanderer†, Tony takes the role as the head of house in both families and must balance his life between being a Mob boss and bei... ...ll always be there for your family when they need you, and they'll always be there for you. Blood related or not† (Urbandictionary). This definition is a perfect example of why family is about a bond between its members, not something defined by legality. Through many trials and tribulations, the multitudes of different types of families will continue to exist, breaking the mold of traditional ideas and redefining what we come to think of as â€Å"family†. Works Cited â€Å"Family.† Def. 23. Urbandictionary. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. â€Å"The Happy Wanderer.† The Sopranos. HBO. 20 Feb. 2000. Television. â€Å"’The Sopranos’ (1999) - Taglines.† IMDB. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. Vasquez, Adrian. Personal interview. 15 Feb. 2012. White, Rob. â€Å"Indigenous Youth and Gangs as Family.† Youth Studies Australia 28.3 (2009): 47-56. Academic Search Premier. Web. 15 Feb. 2012.

DIDLS Breakdown

Language, and Syntax use diction to find tone. Use imagery, details, language and syntax to support tone. TONE Author's attitude toward the subject, toward himself, or toward the audience. DICTION Adjectives, nouns, verbs, adverbs, negative words, positive words, synonyms, contrast. Look at the words that Jump out at you – Evaluate only those words to find tone Also look at: Colloquial (Slang) Old-Fashioned Informal (Conversational) Formal (Literary) Connotative (Suggestive meaning) Denotative (Exact meaning) Concrete (Specific) Abstract (General or Conceptual)Euphonious (Pleasant Sounding) Cacophonous (Harsh sounding) Monosyllabic (One syllable) Polysyllabic (More than one syllable) Describe diction (choice of words) by considering the following: 1. Words can be monosyllabic (one syllable in length) or polysyllabic (more than one syllable in length). The higher the ratio of polysyllabic words, the more difficult the content. 2. Words can be mainly colloquial (slang), informal (conversational), formal (literary) or old-fashioned. 3. Words can be mainly denotative (containing an exact meaning, e. G. , dress) or connotative (contacting suggested meaning, e. G. , gown) 4.Words can be incorrect (specific) or abstract (general or conceptual). 5. Words can euphonious (pleasant sounding, e. G. , languid, murmur) or cacophonous (harsh sound, e. G. , raucous, croak). IMAGERY Creates a vivid picture and appeals to the senses Alliteration repetition of consonant sounds at the start of a word Assonance repetition of vowel sounds in the middle of a word Moths cough and drop wings Consonance repetition of consonant sounds in the middle of a word The man has kin in Spain Onomatopoeia writing sounds as words The clock went tick tock Simile a direct comparison of unlike things using like or as Her hair is like a rat's nestMetaphor a direct comparison of unlike things The man's suit is a rainbow Hyperbole a deliberate exaggeration for effect I'd die for a piece of candy U nderstatement represents something as less than it is A million dollars is okay Personification attributing human qualities to inhuman objects The teapot cried for water Metonymy word exchanged for another closely associated with it Uncle Sam wants you! Pun play on words – Uses words with multiple meanings Shoes menders mend soles. Symbol something that represents/stands for something else the American Flag Analogy comparing two things that have at least one thing in commonWhy is the sentence length effective? 2. Examine sentence beginnings. Is there a good variety or does a patterning emerge? 3. Examine the arrangement of ideas in a sentence. Are they set out in a special way for a purpose? 4. Examine the arrangement of ideas in a paragraph. Is there evidence of any pattern or structure? 5. Examine the sentence patterns. Some elements to consider are listed below: a. A declarative (assertive) sentence makes a statement: e. G. , The king is sick. B. An imperative sentence giv es a command: e. G. , Stand up. C. An interrogative sentence asks a question: e. G. , Is the king sick? D. Makes an exclamation: e. G. , The king is dead! E.An exclamatory sentence A simple sentence contains A compound sentence contains two independent clauses Joined by a coordinate conjunction (and, but, or) or by a semicolon: e. G. , The singer bowed to the audience, but she sang no encores. G. A complex sentence contains an independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses: e. G. , You said that you would tell the truth. H. A compound-complex sentence contains two or more principal lasses and one or more subordinate clauses: e. G. , The singer bowed while the audience applauded, but she sang no encores. I. A loose sentence makes complete sense if brought to a close before the actual ending: e. G. , We reached Edmonton/that morning/after a turbulent flight/and some exciting experiences.A periodic sentence makes sense only when the end of the sentence is reached: e. G. , That morning, after a turbulent flight and some exciting experiences, we reached Edmonton. K. In a balanced sentence, the phrases or clauses balance each other by virtue or their likeness of structure, meaning, or length: e. . , He make me to lie down in green pastures; he leaders me beside the still waters. Natural order of a sentence involves constructing a sentence so the subject comes before the predicate: e. G. , Oranges grow in California. M. Inverted order of a sentence (sentence inversion) involves constructing a sentence so that the predicate comes before the subject: e. G. , In California grow oranges.This is a device in which normal sentence patterns are reverse to create an emphatic or rhythmic effect. N. Split order of a sentence divides the predicate into two parts with the subject coming in the middle: e. . , In California oranges grow. O. Juxtaposition is a poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another creating an effect of surprise and wit: e. G. , â€Å"The apparition of these faces in the crowd:' Petals on a wet, black bough† (â€Å"In a Station of the Metro† by Ezra Pound) p. Parallel structure (parallelism) refers to a grammatical or structural similarity between sentences or parts of a sentence.It involves an arrangement of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs so that elements of equal importance are equally developed and minimally phrased: e. G. , He was walking, running, and Jumping for Joy. Q. Repetition is a device in which words, sounds, and ideas are used more than once to enhance rhythm and create emphasis: e. G. , â€Å"†¦ Government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth† (â€Å"Address at Gettysburg† by Abraham Lincoln) r. A rhetorical question is a question that expects no answer. It is used to draw attention too point that is generally stronger than a direct statement: e. G. , If Mr†¦ Force is always fair, as you have said, why did he refuse to listen to Mrs†¦ Baldwin arguments?

Best Fit vs Best Practice

Meaning of Best Fit and Best Practice The terms ‘best fit’ and ‘best practice’ are used in strategic human resource management literature. The best fit approach refers to the firm using human resources management (HRM) to their particular strategies and adapting to the firm’s condition and the environment referring to workforce character and business strategy. With the use of the Best Fit Approach the SHRM can become more flexible to the response change of the organizational life cycle: start-up, growth, maturity and renewal/decline. For example, Met Wholesale had chosen low cost strategy to sustain its position in merchandise industry. Thereby under this approach supportive HR practices like employing part-timers, fresh graduates, and by applying training systems will be applied. The outcome will be that the operation cost will be reduced and they will achieve its goal. On the other hand the Best Practice approach speculate that there is a exact set of HR practices that are applied in almost any organization context which helps in the increase in performance to deliver outcomes which may be valuable for all stakeholders particularly employees. It is based on the idea that there is a set of best HRM practices and its application will help to superior organization performance. This practice could be source from other competitor’s successful strategy. For example, emphasizing the enhancement of employees’ abilities or knowledge and skills through good recruitment and strong training. Another can be through incentives and a reward system; the firm can place emphasis for motivating desired behaviour. Also, by better trained and motivated employees they would have more contribution of ideas and participation. What separates the two approaches, is that the Best Fit relates to firms’ competitive strategy where the SHRM will be designed according to the firms condition and the environment, where as for Best Practice, the firm is able to refer other firm’s successful strategy or general best practice model to improve the firm itself.

Chemistry and Biotechnology

1. What specific topic did you choose to research and evaluate? I decided to conduct research on stem cells for medical use.2. List the resources that you used in your research of your topic.http://www.ama-assn.org//ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-science/genetics-molecular-medicine/related-policy-topics/stem-cell-research/basics-stem-cell-research.page http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/pages/basics6.aspx3. Describe, in a few paragraphs, the biotechnology that you researched. How is it currently being used and/or what are the hopes for its use in the future?Stem cell research is a fairly new study which has gained a large amount of popularity lately. Stem cells are cells that have the potential to become specialized into different types of cells within the body. What this can do is help replace damaged cells with healthy new cells since stem cells are able to adapt to what is needed. The research going on is to discover how this can be used medically to help cure major disease s out there in the world.There are many ways to acquire stem cells. The most popular form is through the umbilical cord from the birth process. The other way to acquire this is through the bone marrow and from blood. Some other minor methods include germ cells or organs of an aborted fetus, embryos made by in vitro fertilization and mature adult tissue cells reprogrammed to behave like stem cells. Most commonly however, stem cells are acquired through bone marrow and umbilical cords.4. Describe the positive aspects of this biotechnology, being as specific as possible.The positive outcomes of this can include a wide variety of possibilities. This has the potential to create multiple cures for diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, vision/hearing loss and much more. Also, if a soldier was to be wounded with a burn or fatal injury, stem cells may be able to repair these problems and help lower casualty and death rates in our military. In addition, with how convenient bone marrow can be found (seeing as every person has it), this can help those people, who are in need of stem cells, easily acquire it on such short notice.5. Describe the negative  aspects of this biotechnology, being as specific as possible.There is currently not enough research on stem cells to fully determine their potential as to what they can do. This is bad on both ends of the spectrum. If stem cells were to be proven useless, this would be considered a waste of time and money. If they prove to be extremely powerful and can transform into any cell possible, there may be talk that this kind of technology can be overwhelming. Overwhelming in the sense that what if these stem cells are powerful enough to make a brand new human being? What if people use these stem cells on themselves to make themselves look 21 years old until they die or remodel certain aspects of their body to make it so it fits their desire? It will be a sense of cheating out life by just getting the easy way out of a lot of issues. 6. Based on your research, what is your conclusion about whether or not this biotechnology should be used? Be sure to explain your answer.After conducting my own research I believe stem cells should have more research put into them to discover their complete potential. If proven to be used for medical reasons such as to cure certain diseases, this should definitely be implemented into the medical field (assuming there are no major side effects). This can be a huge advancement in the medical field and may be a breakthrough in saving many lives of dying individuals. I do believe that regardless of its potential, whether stem cells prove to be useful or useless, they should be kept away from the public and should only be kept in medical facilities and only used for medical purposes. I would not feel comfortable having people running around the streets with stem cells in their back pocket not knowing what they can do with them.

Language and Composition Song Of Solomon

Song Of Solomon two significant minor characters BY Glossary In Toni Morrison book Song of Solomon, she Introduces characters that are significant in every situation then finds a way for them to help further develop the plot. The two characters that are the most interesting in the smallest way are First Corinthians and Empire State. These two are involved in very little dialogue and don't appear often in the first three chapters. They aren't faced with difficult challenges or help the main characters, which only questions of their existence.This not only sakes them Important but Interesting while their characteristics are hard to read. First Corinthians, sister of Milkman and Magdalene Dead and daughter of Ruth and Macon Dead is kind of first introduced to us in the first chapter when the author says â€Å"The others, who knew that the house was more prison than palace, and that the Dodge Sedan was for Sunday drives only, felt sorry for Ruth Foster and her dry Daughters and called h er son â€Å"deep. † Reading this makes the author think – what Is wrong with the daughters? Is there something wrong with them or are they Just very observant and say very little?Corinthians isn't really mentioned again until chapter 2 where we get to see her interact with her family. During the car ride the author shows us through dialogue and other suggestive actions that Corinthians might not really like her family. â€Å"And that lawyer- what's his name? † Ruth looked around at Corinthians, who Ignored her. Why would Corinthians Ignore her mother? Did her mother do something wrong to her? In this chapter I think the author is trying to tell us that Corinthians does not really like her mother but likes her father or maybe she does not really like her father Just fears him enough to respect him.This is shown when Toni Morrison writes † She owns that place, Corinthians,† Ruth said. † I don't care what she owns. I care about what she is. Daddy ? † Corinthians leaned toward her father for confirmation. In that little scene one might say Corinthians Is halting at something but what? During the rest of the car ride Corinthians only tries to make conversation with her father. Empire State Is a very minute character in the first three chapters of the book. Even though he says nothing he comes as one who keeps to himself and could be hiding something. He's presented somewhat like a criminal.He is first introduced to us when Milkman goes looking for Guitar. Toni Morrison says â€Å"All but Empire State, who stood, broom In hand and drop-lipped, with the expression of a very Intelligent ten- year-old. † Why does he not argue about the topic with the others? Is it that he does not care? Maybe it's the fact that he is taking in everything that everyone is saying and using to decide what his next move is. He might be a criminal but nobody would ever guess that because he keeps to himself and acts like he's mute. Way tha t would makes them seem quite influential.We can use the dialogue and behavior of the characters to infer that they play a big role in the plot and might actually help the main character out in the end. Corinthians seems like she knows something nobody else knows, her tone is as if she is trying to tell us something. The way Toni Morrison presents her tells us that Milkman is going to need to find out something, something that could help him move on in the story. Empire State is someone that might be hiding who he really is or hiding something very important that could help Milkman sort out his thoughts about his family and the town in general.