Bend it like Beckham; Food Symbol

Beckman is a movie directed by Grinder Chad. It revolves around listener, a teenage Indian girl who's passion is for playing soccer. This film explores many important themes such as racism, sexuality, stereotypes, breaking gender barriers and culture. The theme that I will be focusing on Is culture. The main symbol for ‘culture' is food. Food is a recurrent theme of the film that is constantly repeated in scenes but only subtly. It has surprisingly Important significance to do with both the Piston and Bahamas families.. Women are typically in the kitchen both Western and Indian culture.The character Mrs. Bahamas is an excellent example of this practice. She is almost always seen cooking, eating or Just being around Indian food. She is constantly trying to teach Jess how to cook, but when Jess shows no desire to learn how to cook. Jess Is removing herself from the traditional ways of a Sikh woman. Sikh women are traditionally housewives, and by Jess refusing to learn to cook goe s against the ways of Sikh culture. In contrast to Mrs.. Bahamas, Jess is going against he ways her parents have taught her, becoming less integrated in Indian culture and bringing shame to the family.She Is bringing shame to the family, because her family believes no man will want a woman who can't cook. This worries Mrs.. Bahamas because she wants nothing more than her daughters to be married off. An Important scene expressing Jess' opinion towards cooking is, when she Is learning how to cook a full Indian dinner. While her mother stands at the stove, Jess defiantly bounces a capsicum from knee to knee. Despite being forced to learn how to cook, sees still obsessed with soccer and will even incorporate it in the kitchen!It is a metaphor for how Jess feels learning to cook Is Just another way for her parents to control her future. Another example of a key scene demonstrating Mrs.. Bahamas opinion of Jess, is when she finds out she has Joined a women's football team. Jess is sitting on a couch with her parents looking down on her. Chad has used a low angle shot, demonstrating the vulnerability of Jess and the power of her parents. Mrs.. Bahamas shows she Is concerned about the future for her daughter: â€Å"What family ill want a daughter-in-law who can run around kicking football all day but can't make round chapattis? Once again, she includes a reference to food, and how Jess needs to submit to the stereotypical role of a woman in order to get a husband. This brings me onto my next point about how cooking Is expected from women In Western culture too. In the Piston household, Jules' mother is similar to Mrs.. Bahamas in the way that she believes playing sport Is masculine. Mrs.. Piston Is constantly reminding her daughter that, â€Å"No boy's going to want to go out with a girl who's got bigger muscles Han him! In desperation to stop her playing football. Even more ridiculous than 1 OFF Jules' for the first time Mrs.. Piston's only comment is, â€Å"You k now, I cooked a lovely curry the other day. † She immediately resorts to talking about food because that is all she knows about Indian culture. She believes she is associating herself with Jess, but is actually only associating with the stereotypical Indian woman, not Jess. In continuation of this scene, Jules' mum is bringing up a tray of cheese and tea, when she hears the two girls quarrelling.Having missed the beginning of their argument (over Joe) she believes them to be lesbians and retreats downstairs. She is so horrified by her daughter she can't bring herself to speak with Jules. Mrs. Piston is holding tea at this time. Tea often represents comfort and a sit-down chat, but Mrs.. Piston is so appalled she can't even face her own daughter. Once again, the mother figure can not, or does not want to understand her daughter's perspective. Paula (Mrs.. Piston) attempts to understand football, literally by using food. The scene begins with Alan (Mr..Piston) explaining the rul es of soccer by using various condiments by stacking them around the table like soccer players on a soccer field. When Jules arrives home she notices her mother has read a stack of soccer magazines. Paula says, â€Å"That way, we can all enjoy football as a family. † Mrs.. Piston researches some professional female soccer players, and finds one that is happily married with a baby. This is not the point where she accepts her daughter's career choice, but mainly points it out in an attempt to encourage Jules' to break up her ‘relationship' with Jess.In conclusion, food is a major aspect in Bend It Like Beckman. It links the two cultures in the film together. In the end both mothers accept that their daughters want to become professional soccer players. Jess and Jules both managed to ‘bend' gender rules and the will of their mothers in order to pursue their dreams. This is the meaning of the title, Bend It Like Beckman. When Mrs.. Bahamas finally accepts her daughter 's career choice she finishes off with a quote food related: â€Å"At least I taught her full Indian dinner, the rest is up to God. †

To what extent do World Trade Organization rules act as a barrier to international environmental governance?

Introduction The gradual opening of the arteries of world trade through the World Trade Organisation (WTO), while resuscitating international economics and being a symbol of the â€Å"hyperliberalisation† of trade, has been strangling environmental protection (Conca: 2000, Lowenfeld: 2008: O’Neill & Burns: 2005). The need for an effective, robust and objective way to resolve international disputes is arguably, in the light of the relentless and â€Å"inexorable integration of markets, nation-states and technologies to a degree never witnessed before† (Friedman: 1999), stronger than ever and a retreat to the unilateralist ideologies which gave birth to the First World War is almost unthinkable now given our interdependence on each other. The question is can the environment be protected while the aggressive expansion of trade continuesThe birth, by accident, of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1945, was part of an indefatigable drive to combat trade protecti onism, discriminatory trade policies and most significantly armed conflict as a means of resolving disputes in the wake of the second world war (Irwin, Mavroidis & Sykes: 2008, Lowenfeld: 2008, Wilcox: 1949). One of the pronounced goals of trade liberalization is the removal of trade barriers and with the accession of China to the WTO, which replaced the GATT in 1995, the â€Å"hyperliberalisation† of trade is gathering pace with 153 members and 97% of world trade (Conca: 2000, p.484). This unrestricted access, while avowedly positive for economic growth, has been perceived by many commentators as being â€Å"inimical to the quest for global ecological sustainability† as Conca, the most skeptical critic, puts it (Ibid). World Trade Organisation rules have, to a large extent, acted as a barrier to international environmental governance both substantively and procedurally. In terms of the national laws and the WTO, the destabilization of international environmental regi mes and procedural rules the WTO has hindered rather than helped environmental initiatives both nationally and internationally. There have been some signs of progress, however, with a joint report by the United Nations and the WTO in 2010 acknowledging for the first time that some restrictions on the liberalization of trade will be needed to fight climate change (WTO-UNEP Report: 2010) and other commentators discerning a move towards an â€Å"accommodation between the notions of free trade and environmental protection† (O’Neill & Burns: 2005, p.319). It is also vital to note that Conca’s strident objections, while relevant, were written in the year 2000 after just five years of the WTO and therefore omits one important WTO decisions. Nevertheless the author’s biting criticism must be answered and his view is not entirely without justification even in 2012: â€Å"The WTO has proven to be profoundly anti-environmental both procedurally and substantively, handing down environmentally damaging decisions whenever it has had the chance to do so. Fears of a race to a dirty bottom are proving prescient, and optimism that trade rules can be greened from within has waned appreciably† (Conca: 2000, p.484). Part 1:WTO rules and the environment WTO/GATT, national laws and decisionsOne of the central objections to the WTO rules in the sphere of environmental policy is that they, in Conca’s words, â€Å"undercut† national policies (2000, p.486). Erich Vranes adopts more mature terminology for this level of interaction which he labels as â€Å"vertical† as between domestic measures and WTO law (Vranes: 2009). Conca’s objections arise when a national environmental regulation is challenged under WTO rules and, without exception between 1995 and 2000, â€Å"handed down an anti-environmental decision† (Conca: 2000, p.486). There have been six decisions relating to environmental issues under the old GATT regime and just three under the new WTO rules (WTO website: 2012). The case which sparked the hostility to the GATT/WTO regimes is the Tuna/Dolphin case (case 1) where dolphins were being caught in tuna nets and dying unnecessarily in the hunt for tuna (Lowenfe ld: 2008, p.315). The US government sought to ban all tuna imports from Mexico which brought a dispute settlement proceeding under the old GATT rules under article XXIII. America’s defence under article XX (the general exceptions article) was based on the protection of animal life and the â€Å"conservation of exhaustible resources† and proved futile as the Panel found in favour of the Mexicans with the ban on tuna contrary to article XI(1) of the GATT and unjustified by Article XX(b) or (g) (Lowenfeld: 2008, p.317). The other cases under the old GATT regime concerned American taxation on gas guzzling cars brought by the EU in October 1994, the so-called â€Å"son of Tuna/Dolphin† where the EU successfully challenged the Marine Mammal Protection Act in June 1994, the father of the Tuna/Dolphin dispute successfully brought by Canada against the USA in February 1982 and finally two successful cases brought by the US against firstly Thailand for the restriction an d taxation of cigarettes in November 1990 and secondly against Canada regarding the exports of herring and salmon (WTO website: accessed 2012). Conca’s powerful criticism was written only after two WTO decisions on the environment had been handed down and the rules were interpreted narrowly: firstly United States – Standards for reformulated and conventional gasoline in 1996. In this case, brought by Venezuela and Brazil against the US, measures to ensure imported gasoline complied with air quality restrictions were found to be discriminatory although the WTO panel did emphasize that it was America’s discrimination against imports, which were subject to more stringent measures than exports, which crippled their case; not that they didn’t have a defence or indeed a noble cause. Secondly, in a â€Å"strikingly similar† complaint to the tuna/dolphin decision brought in 1998, India, Malaysia, Pakistan and Thailand all challenged US legislation which banned all imports of commercial seafood, pursuant to the Endangered Species Act, to save turtles instead of dolphins: United States Import Prohibi tion of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products. Although the US lost this case, again by virtue of discriminatory behavior, it is clear that the seeds were sown for a fresh start and as Lowenfeld points out, this appellate decision had â€Å"sought to dampen the conflict between the trade and environment communities† (2008, p.323). Furthermore, had the US not discriminated, then it is certain that they would have won both on imports of gasoline and shrimp and indeed the second decision in the shrimp case confirms this (O’Neill & Burns: 2005) . This analysis leaves just one WTO decision in the 21st century: European Communities — Measures affecting asbestos and asbestos-containing products. In this trailblazing decision, brought in 2001 by Canada against the EC ban on asbestos products, the WTO panel found, affirmed later on appeal, that France was entitled to ban such harmful products under the very provisions so controversial in the tuna/dolphins case: â€Å"†¦the Panel found that the French ban could be justified under Article XX(b). In other words, the measure could be regarded as one which was â€Å"necessary to protect animal, human, plant life or health.† It also met the conditions of the chapeau of Article XX. It therefore ruled in favour of the European Communities. (WTO website: accessed 2012)1.2 International environmental regimesAnother powerful criticism leveled at the WTO rules is the perceived parallel at an international level where Conca discerns a â€Å"WTO-based threat to a broad array of international environment regimes† (Conca: 2000, p.487). This threat, which Vrane labels as being on a â€Å"horizontal† level between WTO law and public international law including treaty agreements (Vrane: 2010), is, according to Conca, brought about because these international environmental regimes often depend on trade related measures for their implementation and observance (2000, p.488). The main p roblems are firstly that the WTO’s existence is having a chilling effect on â€Å"global political imagination† (Ibid). Conca justifiably points out that the 1994 Amendment to the Basel Convention, which sought to ban the trade in hazardous wastes, may well be one of the last to target the trafficking of environmental hazards. The continued political impasse concerning the Kyoto Treaty lends weight to Conca’s observations although perhaps, in light of the global recession, the international environmental arena is anyway sterile (Rajamani: 2008). Secondly Article XI of GATT, which prohibits quantitative import/export restrictions is often cited as being a stumbling block and could well be used as the basis of a WTO challenge against environmental regimes such as the one which exists with respect to logging (Conca: 2000, p.489). This problem is still a hypothetical one but nonetheless is relevant and demonstrates perhaps that the rules have had a â€Å"chilling e ffect† on numerous proposed environmental regimes (O’Neill & Burns: 2005, p.330). Conca cites the example of a new logging regime: which failed to materialize at the Seattle conference (ibid). Finally the Basel Convention on hazardous waste is cited by Conca as a battleground: â€Å"Ineffectiveness and a huge loophole for waste ‘recycling’ kept the waste trade†¦alive, leading a coalition of developing countries and environmental activists to push through the ‘Basel ban’ at a 1994 conference of the parties. The constant threat of a WTO challenge has inhibited the collection of the national ratifications needed for the amendment to enter into force, and undercuts efforts to use the regime†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Conca: 2000, p.489) Part 2: Procedural Rules of the WTO2.1 Burden of proof, precautionary principle and Amicus CuriaeFinally the rules of the WTO themselves have been justifiably seen as stacking the deck against those who are fighting for the environment (Lowenfeld: 2008, p.327). The burden of proof is, as Conca observes, â€Å"squarely on the shoulders of those arguing for environmental precaution† (Conca: 2000, p.485). The presumption of a violation means that â€Å"the Member against whom the complaint has been brought†, will â€Å"rebut the charge† and the party which is asserting the affirmative of a particular claim will bear the burden of proof: a rule which is universal to all disputes and not just the environmental issues (Sebastian: 2010). Lowenfeld also points to the â€Å"precautionary principle† which dictates that: â€Å"†¦uncertainty regarding the adverse environmental effects of an activity should not be a bar to adoption of measures to prohibit or otherwise regulate the activity, but that such uncertainty provides an affirmative justification for adopting such measures† (2008, p.333). The Beef Hormones case is often cited in connection with this embryonic principle. The Appellate Body held here that this principle was not yet part of customary law but that it was commonsense to weigh the â€Å"severity of the danger against the degree of likelihood that the danger would be enhanced by the challenged activity† (Ibid). Lowenfeld suggests that this line of reasoning could lead to the WTO adopting a â€Å"worst- case scenario† argument which would, quite understandably, undermine environmental protection (Ibid). The author concludes by observing: â€Å"†¦the precautionary principle as formulated by the European Community seems too harsh. On the one hand, it is susceptible to misuse for purposes of competition and protection; on the other, it seems both to overestimate and underestimate science† (Ibid at p.334). Further to the burden of proof and the precautionary principle are the Amicus Curiae briefs: the closed door proceedings used to make it difficult for the stakeholders usually so closely intimated with environmental action (charities etc) to participate and are still difficult to surmount. This procedural innovation, which is a creature of statute, has enabled certain organisations to provide opinions to supplement decisions which are often made by lawyers and economists who usually have little knowledge of environmental effects (Conca: 2000, p.485). Those submitting the Amicus Curiae briefs can be WTO members or non-state actors and it is important to note that the acceptance of such briefs is an exercise of discretion on the part of the Panel (Stern: 2006). The fact that such briefs have become more commonplace undoes Conca’s arguments a little but, as noted above, it is ultimately a question of discretion as to whether an organization is allowed to submit such a brief. Wha t is clear is that the complex ways in which ecosystems can be corrupted do not always fit easily into the burden of proof system.2.1 Interpretation of Article XX of GATTThe interpretation of this article is key to much of the criticism of the GATT/WTO. In both Tuna-Dolphin and Shrimp-Turtle cases it has been noticed that these general exceptions to GATT provisions has been interpreted narrowly by both GATT and WTO panels respectively (O’Neill & Burns: 2005, p.325). This narrow interpretation has fuelled a lot of criticism with the panel in Shrimp/Turtle expressly saying that the WTO supports countries who hold such noble goals and that it was because of the US’s discriminatory behavior that they held against the US. As noted above, however, the decision in European Communities — Measures affecting asbestos and asbestos-containing products could be the beginning of a new era of interpreting the exceptions as they relate to environmental protection. Certainly the WTO has been sensitive to the criticism it has received from many quarters about its handling of such cases. Whether Conca’s observation that â€Å"Playing by WTO rules, the first definitive ‘proof’ of harm will often be irreversible ecosystem collapse† is debatable in the current climate and, arguably, about a decade out of touch (2000, p.485). Conclusion In conclusion the rules of the WTO to a large extent are acting as a barrier to international environmental governance. In terms of the undermining of national and international laws, the procedural flaws in terms of the burden of proof, the precautionary principle and the amicus curiae briefs as well as the narrow interpretation of article XX, the WTO has a lot of damage to undo in the coming years. Much has been written on this volatile subject and it is clear that Conca (2000) is the most scathing critic. His polemic is out of date, however, and although many of his conclusions are valid his overriding point, that there is an anti-green agenda in the WTO is slowly being unraveled. Indeed as far back as the 1998 Shrimp-Turtle case it has been discerned by astute commentators like O’Neill and Burns that the decision is a pro-environmental one, albeit resulting in ultimate defeat for the USA. The recent joint UN-WTO report (2010) is an indicator of the direction which the WTO is going in and the most recent case involving environmental action, the EU-Canada Asbestos case, confirms that a broader interpretation of article XX can provide positive environmental results. Perhaps the greening of the WTO has begun and no doubt the scathing criticism of authors like Conca had something to do with their new-found green credentials. A proper reform of the WTO rules is required but perhaps the tide has already turned as Barkin observes: â€Å"†¦the incompatibility between the rules of the international trading regime and the need for responsible management of the global environment is substantially overstated, and that official interpretations of these rules are becoming consistently more environmentally-friendly over time† (Barkin: 2005, p.334). BibliographyJournalsConca, Ken (2000) ‘The WTO and the Undermining of Global Environmental Governance’ Review of International Political Economy 7:3 Autumn pp 484 – 494 Rajamani (2008) ‘From Berlin to Bali and Beyond: Killing Kyoto Softly?’ International & Comparative Law Quarterly 57(4) pp909-9392.0 BooksBarkin, Samuel.J (2005) ‘The Environment, Trade and International Organisations’ in Dauvergne, Peter (ed) Handbook of Global Environmental Politics Edward Elgar Cheltenham Friedman, Thomas (2000) The Lexus and the Olive Tree Anchor Books: UK Irwin, Mavroidis & Sykes (2008) The Genesis of the GATT Cambridge University Press: worldwide Lowenfeld, Andreas F. International Economic Law (2008) (2nd ed) Oxford Uni Press: Oxford, New York. O’Neill, Kate & Burns, C.G William (2005) ‘Trade Liberalization and Global Environmental Governance: the Potential for Conflict’ in Dauvergne, Peter (ed) Handbook of Global Environmental Politics Edward Elgar Cheltenham Sebastian, Thomas (2010) ‘The law of permissible WTO retaliation’ in Bown and Pauwelyn (eds) The Law, Economics and Politics of Retaliation in WTO Dispute settlement: Cambridge University Press: worldwide Stern, Brigitte (2006) ‘The emergence of non-state actors in international commercial disputes through WTO appellate Body case-law’ in Sacerdoti, Yanovich and Bohanes (eds) The WTO at ten: The Contribution of the Dispute Settlement System: Cambridge University Press: worldwide Van den Bossche, Peter (2008). The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, UK: Cambridge University Press Vranes, Erich (2009) Trade and the Environment: Fundamental Issues in International Law, WTO law and Legal Theory Oxford University Press: Oxford3.0 StatuteEndangered Species Act GATT 1947: Articles XXII and XXIII Marine Mammal Protection Act 1972 Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes4.0 WebsitesWTO, ‘WTO and UNEP launch a report explaining for the first time the connections between trade and climate change’, 26 June 2009, Press/559. UNEP issued an identical press release on the same day, available at www.wto.org/english/news.e/pres09_e/pr559_e.htm. WTO website accessed on 2nd February and available from: http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/envir_e/envir_e.htm5.0 DecisionsGATT > United States — Taxes on Automobiles, ruling not adopted, circulated on 11 October 1994. Case brought by EU. > United States — Restrictions on Imports of Tuna, â€Å"son of tuna-dolphin†, ruling not adopted, circulated on 16 June 1994. Case brought by EU. > United States — Restrictions on Imports of Tuna, the â€Å"tuna-dolphin† case, ruling not adopted, circulated on 3 September 1991. Case brought by Mexico, etc. > Thailand — Restrictions on the Importation of and Internal Taxes on Cigarettes, ruling adopted on 7 November 1990. Case brought by US. > Canada — Measures Affecting Exports of Unprocessed Herring and Salmon, ruling adopted on 22 March 1988. Case brought by US. > United States — Prohibition of Imports of Tuna and Tuna Products from Canada, ruling adopted on 22 February 1982. Case brought by Canada. WTO > European Communities — Measures affecting asbestos and asbestos-containing products. WTO case No. 135. Ruling adopted on 5 April 2001. Case brought by Canada. > United States — Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products, the â€Å"shrimp-turtle† case. WTO case Nos. 58 and 61. Ruling adopted on 6 November 1998. Case brought by India, Malaysia, Pakistan and Thailand. Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU. Ruling adopted on 21 November 2001. Case brought by Malaysia. > United States — Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline, WTO case Nos. 2 and 4. Ruling adopted on 20 May 1996. Case brought by Venezuela and Brazil.

Markering launch for an international business (Nike) Assignment

Markering launch for an international business (Nike) - Assignment Example International business has, hence, become a modern jargon in the current epoch. It is the process of conducting business all over the world. Such business transactions include trading of services, goods, technology, capital and managerial knowledge between different economies (Brenner, 2013). The import and export related activities of a nation constitute its foreign trading affairs. International business expands the scope and scale of commercial activities in an economy. From the above figure, it can be stated that international trade or business has noticeably increased over time. The growth had slightly fallen during the global financial crisis of 2008. As a result, the volume of international trade has greatly influenced the external business environmental factors. Companies engaging in international business across diversified economies conduct commercial on large scales. The production and marketing strategies of these firms are globally established (Brenner, 2013). A multinational company helps to integrate the global economic system. In an international business process, the firm procures labour, finance and infrastructural services from different countries (Brenner, 2013). The process of foreign trade in dominated by companies belonging to developed rich countries. These countries possess productive resource reserves and high technological knowhow. These multinational organizations offer high prices to all the factor service owners, thereby leading the business realm in each country (Brenner, 2013). International business conducted by companies helps to enhance the employment opportunities wherein they operate (Brenner, 2013). Moreover, by providing diversified goods and services in the market, the process helps to improve living standards of the individuals therein. International business contributes towards augmenting the level of trading competition between participating countries.

Impact of Motivation and Determination on Professional Sales Essay

Impact of Motivation and Determination on Professional Sales - Essay Example An individual needs to sell a product or a service to the customers, by convincing them of its value and features and how it can help them improve their lives. Although it may seem to be quite simple, its execution can be quite difficult depending on the nature of the products or service being pitched and the mental setup of the customers. Typically, the customers are quite sceptical towards a sales pitch and try to avoid a salesman, which even makes it difficult for them to sell their product. Such challenges bring occasional failure for a salesman and can easily de-motivate him to leave this line of work. However, in order to succeed in the field of professional sales, one must be sincere and self-motivated to push his way against all odds (Pinder, 269). The movie depicted that Christopher had been pushed down by a series of unavoidable consequences that forced him and his son to spend the night in a public toilet at a train station. Despite all odds, he never lost hope on life and kept pushing till he achieved what he wanted. Christopher showed sheer determination to work his way to turn around his life. In scenarios like this, self-motivation played a major role in one’s performance in his professional and personal life. In a profession of a sales individual, failure is quite common where he faces rejection from customers, pressure from supervisors and fear of losing his job. These factors negatively influence their life and often lead to depression and poor professional performance.

The definition of community is changing with the rise of technology Research Paper

The definition of community is changing with the rise of technology and generation Y - Research Paper Example The technology has created a platform for the irreplaceable characters to replace real and mortal people. Research indicates that there are real actions by the virtual community. This research paper investigates the change and emergence of virtual communities and societal norms as a consequence of technological growth. The thesis of the paper is; as technology becomes undeniably prominent in everyday life, it has altered the way people conduct themselves, and has resulted to changing the definition of what a community truly is. Most of the online interactions are influenced by a lack of corporeality. The communications are propagated in the absence of body. This has made cyberspaces to be susceptible to human foibles. A telling example is the energy creatures. The energy creature is defined as an online stereotype with certain pathological behaviors. These behaviors tend to infect newsgroups and chat rooms (CeCe and Wendy, 37). Most of these characters look for negative attention. Th e online communities are full of people willing to stir up emotions of thousands within the online community. The emerging community rarely spends time appreciating others. The virtual communities have a social system with includes diversity (Feenberg and Barney, 51). The cyber communities have redefined morality and ethics. Philosophy has attempted to redefine moral realism in the context of the generation Y and emerging virtual communities. The realism and speech act theory suggests that virtual characters can have real actions. However, admitting the intentions in the online communications has introduced particular difficulties for online communications. The virtual communities are seldom interested in merely passing the information (Feenberg and Barney, 51). The circumstances of the virtuality tend to mitigate the moral concerns. The authentic social practices means that some characters tend to bully others. Therefore, cyber space must have defined through the emerging norms (Ce Ce and Wendy, 37). The moral theory introduces a notion of wrongness in a new light. A combination of realism and the moral theory is increasingly becoming important the in the philosophical perceptions of the virtual communities. The causal principle of reality states that real causes have real effects. This principal has a metaphysical commitment to the virtual communities (Putnam, 39). There are no imaginary causes to the real effects. Therefore, the online community must be perceived substantively and objectively. The virtual communities are perceived to be exposing ideals which otherwise lacked a platform for exposure and analysis (Feenberg and Barney, 51). Therefore, the changing morals are not a new phenomenon. The online characters are known to act in a performative way which means that they can cajole, promise or flirt with other characters. These characters intentions are achieved in a real way. Therefore, the online atmosphere is a place where characters cause substantive impact on the physical world. The virtual communities must be perceived to be actual players in the actual or physical communities (Putnam, 49). The other instant is online hate or bullying which causes teenagers to commit suicide. The virtual characters in a screen subscribe to unscripted cultural norms among the digital communities. These emerging norms keep evolving with time (CeCe and Wendy, 39). The

History of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

History of China - Essay Example The Second United Front involved alliance of KMT and CCP in Second Sino-Japanese war and it suspended the civil wars in China from 1937 to 1946. Kai-Shek viewed Chinese Communists as a threat, and true to his perception, they kidnapped him and compelled him to the truce with communists. This resulted to the two parties suspending the fighting to focus on Second United Front that fought against the Japanese. The actual cooperation between CCP and KMT remained minimal. The two parties still vied for territorial advantage in China. This resulted to major clashes, and Kai-shek demanded evacuation of New Fourth army from CCP. This weakened CCP in central China and ended any substantive cooperation between the two. However, in Japan, CCP absorbed KMT forces and made them into puppet forces. Eventually, CCP gained full control of North China. Therefore, the Second United Front became less successful than the first one since it led to the weakening of the KMT in North China and CCP in Centra l China. The two groups never worked as an alliance (Dirlik, 2000). Reasons for Failure of Chiang Kai-Shek in Destroying the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) The victory of CCP over the reactionary Chiang Kai-shek’s power marked a monumental change within the Chinese history. The events were unexpected since CCP came to power through reactionary program of the ‘revolution by stages’. First, the strategy of countering the Stalinist strategy of conquering cities using peasant armed forces alone enhanced the overthrowing of bourgeois Kuomintang regime. During this period, the urban population persistently fought for the oppressed and exploited and brought about an armed insurrection. This led to confusion among the Chinese Comrades of the traditional conception and facts (Taylor, 2006). Second, the Chiang’s regime was completely rotten since it was established amid bloodshed of second Chinese revolution defeat. This made it hostile to people using Asiatic method s. The regime could have only protected itself from imperialist powers since it represented the bourgeoisie of Orient. Therefore, it used all reactionary influences in resisting the masses, and consequently, it was unable to fulfill the bourgeoisie democratic tasks. After the failure of non-defensive policy, Chiang government had to fight the Japanese, and this revealed their incompetence where they lost several cities. Such acts stirred dissatisfaction among people reflected through demonstrations and unrest of the peasants (Taylor, 2006). After Japanese defeat, Chiang’s government became corrupt looting all the public property and engaged in extravagant dissipation and luxury. This inflamed the masses’ fury and provoked large scale demonstrations. Chiang hoped to use his military in exterminating CCP. He hoped to defeat CCP due to advanced warfare and the large army. However, his army remained isolated and divided due to mistreatment from their leaders. This shifted even the attention of those people who supported it (Dirlik, 2000). Relationship between Chiang Kai-Shek and the United States Prior to Second World, War, most powerful influences originated from American imperialists. It intended to uphold Chiang’s government and monopolize the Chinese markets. This dispatched significant military equipment to the government in China. This made Chiang

Economic Implications of Proposed Regulations Essay

Economic Implications of Proposed Regulations - Essay Example The set of regulations was published in December 2009, to which reactions and comments were solicited from financial institutions and market participants worldwide. On April 16, 2010, the set date for the submission of all commentary, nearly 300 different opinions were submitted representing hundreds of financial institutions, investor associations, and regulatory agencies throughout the world. The original text of these commentaries was released for public viewing on May 1, 2010, in the internet website of the Bank for International Settlements, the organization of all central banks worldwide. This dissertation represents the first attempt to collate and analyze the contents of the submitted commentary and gains insights into the nature of international banking regulations and the workings of the global market economy. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the research undertaken, by presenting a background of the research situation, the objective to be met and the questions the research answered in order to fulfill the objective, the manner in which the research will be carried out, and a brief discussion of the importance of the research undertaking. The financial crisis that has affected the world economy from mid-2008 to the present has opened the old economic debate that has gripped the leading world economies since the dawn of the twentieth century, namely the role that government regulation should ideally play in the determination of economic policy. Two opposing schools of thought have at one time or another guided economic development since the end of World War II. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s US post-war economy was dominated by the Keynesian economic principle of the planned economy.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS - Movie Review Example The documentary outlines Paulson’s thought that was to stabilize the financial market that was under crisis and prevent it from collapsing. It tells the story of a collapsing housing market amidst subprime mortgage loans in U.S banks. As Hunk recounts in the documentary, he is alone and his view is facing contradictions from all corners of the economy: journalists and senators alike, banks and the congress. However, Paulson has the support of his wife, Wendy, who has been his wife for more than 40 years. They are devoted to one another that, during the film at a particular bumpy round of negotiations with the congress, Paulson takes a short break to call his wife Wendy and ask her to pray (Sharkey 1). ‘Hank: five years from the brink’ outlines Paulson’s first thought of the troubled asset relief program (TARP), encourages the U.S government to buy equity and assets from the financial institutions (Sherkey 1). This plan was to help in strengthening the collapsing financial sector of the U.S economy by putting equity and assets in the hands of the government. It is more of asserting more control of the financial institutions to the state and Hank knew that the idea was reprehensible. Originally, the TARP program authorized and expenditure of $700 billion of government money to purchase the â€Å"troubled assets." This would allow the treasury to purchase difficult-to-value illiquid assets from banks and financial institutions to allow the affected institutions to stabilize their balance sheets and avoid making any further losses (Darling 72). According to Sherkey (1), Paulson recounts in the documentary that the story of the crisis was a disaster and his idea were to respond to the disaster and mitigate any crisis that would occur in the future business market. Thus, his second aim of the troubled asset relief program was to encourage the financial institutions and banks to resume lending at the fair levels

Negative campaign ads in presidential elections Essay

Negative campaign ads in presidential elections - Essay Example Thus, in this type of positive campaign ads, the presidential candidates would basically promote themselves, their values, image as well as their political propaganda, thereby making a persuasive influence on the voters. However, these candidates could also come up with ads to ‘paint’ their opponents in bad light and they will do that by including negative visuals or sounds involving their opponents, as well as alarming statistical evidences and worst case scenarios. As these campaign ads will make a negative effect on the voters about their opponents, presidential candidates and team are increasingly using these negative ads, especially over the last 30 years, with the media also playing a contributing role in it. Each presidential campaign from the earliest times have been witnessing changes, and when one looks at the campaigns during the middle decades of the 20th century, it bordered mainly on positivism, good-heartedness as well as balanced approach. These campaigns exhibited that approach by incorporating apt as well as positive visuals and music, and so those campaigns did not hint any negativity. â€Å"Campaign ads in the ‘50s, ‘60s, and ‘70s tended to rely more on jingles; they were not as hard-hitting as they are today.† (â€Å"Political Mudslinging: Does it Work?†). However, from 1980s till the last elections in 2012, according to political analysts, media and even the public, presidential campaigns have evolved into more of negative campaigns, with negative ads maximally becoming part of those presidential campaigns. This fact was supported by Krupnikov and Easter (100), who stated, â€Å"Over the past 30 years, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of negative ads broadcast during American campaigns.† This fact about increasing negative campaign ads was also validated by researches done by political analysts, as they tracked the political

The Impact of Using Multimedia in an Online Learning Setting Essay

The Impact of Using Multimedia in an Online Learning Setting - Essay Example The paper "The Impact of Using Multimedia in an Online Learning Setting" talks about the impact of Multimedia on online learning. Learning is done in a computer-based setup where multimedia is used as a material for teaching. Having multimedia presentations through videos creates a sense of understanding in a given scenario.Nowadays, technology has been the number one accessible source of information around the world and its remarkable continuity gets to blow up as the years go by. In fact, it has become a feasible and possible preference to people especially to those who are into learning. It has given an opportunity for a new learning net to be born. Multimedia and online learning nurture information that is merely pertinent, applicable and significant for the college students. It would be best inculcated to them if multimedia is interactive and the control of it solely relies on the learner. In a live chat with a student who is shy, inspirational videos such as believing in oneâ⠂¬â„¢s self can encourage the student, even more, to believe in herself. As the college students continue to explore what life has to offer, engaging in the learning process results in a better exploration as they see it through an enhanced multimedia instruction. Online learning, or what is also referred to as distance learning, is an educational medium of instruction through the use of Internet. Its objectives are aligned with the same goals one would find in a traditional classroom setup. Instruction can take place anytime and anywhere.

Large-scale energy and metallurgy Essay Example for Free

Large-scale energy and metallurgy Essay Industrialisation (or industrialization) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one. It is a part of a wider modernisation process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, particularly with the development of large-scale energy and metallurgy production. It is the extensive organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.[2] Industrialisation also introduces a form of philosophical change where people obtain a different attitude towards their perception of nature, and a sociological process of ubiquitous rationalisation. There is considerable literature on the factors facilitating industrial modernisation and enterprise development.[3] Key positive factors identified by researchers have ranged from favourable political-legal environments for industry and commerce, through abundant natural resources of various kinds, to plentiful supplies of relatively low-cost, skilled and adaptable labour. As industrial workers incomes rise, markets for consumer goods and services of all kinds tend to expand and provide a further stimulus to industrial investment and economic growth. The first country to industrialise was the United Kingdom during the Industrial Revolution, commencing in the 18th century.[4] By the end of the 20th century, East Asia had become one of the most recently industrialised regions of the world.[5] Contents [hide] 1 Description 2 History of industrialisation 2.1 Industrial revolution in Europe 2.2 Early industrialisation in other countries 2.3 The Third World 2.4 Petrol-producing countries 2.5 Industrialisation in Asia 2.6 Newly industrialised countries 3 Social consequences 3.1 Urbanisation 3.2 Exploitation 3.3 Change to family structure 4 Current situation 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading Description[edit] According to the original sector-classification developed by Jean Fourastià © (1907-1990), an economy consists of: a primary sector of commodity production (farming, livestock breeding, exploitation of mineral resources) a secondary sector of manufacturing and processing (as paid work) a tertiary sector of service industries Historically, the industrialisation process involves the expansion of the secondary sector in an economy originally dominated by primary-sector activities. The first transformation to an industrial economy from an agricultural one, known as the Industrial Revolution, took place from the mid-18th to early 19th century in certain areas in Europe and North America; starting in Great Britain, followed by Belgium, Germany, and France. Later commentators have called this the first industrial revolution.[4][6] The Second Industrial Revolution labels the later changes that came about in the mid-19th century after the refinement of the steam engine, the invention of the internal combustion engine, the harnessing of electricity and the construction of canals, railways and electric-power lines. The invention of the assembly line gave this phase a boost.[7][8][9] The lack of an industrial sector in a country can slow growth in the countrys economy and power, so governments often encourage or enforce industrialisation. On the other hand, the presence of industry in a country does not mean in general that it will bring wealth and prosperity to the people of that country. And third, the presence of an industry in one country can make it more difficult for other countries to develop the same type of industry. This can be seen in the computer software and internet industries. Started from the US around the 1990s these industries seemed to spread over the world. But after a period of monopolisation less than a decade long, the globally-leading companies remain concentrated in the US.[citation needed] Their economic power and capacity to dominate the media work against the developing of the same types of industry in other states. History of industrialisation[edit]

Moscow Dynamo Football Essay Example for Free

Moscow Dynamo Football Essay Many people would argue that sport helps bring people together and helps overcome divisions of race, nationality, class and religion. The Soviets drew upon this ideal in 1984 when they called the Moscow games, the friendship games. As well as bringing people together, sport can just as easily raise political consciousness and force people apart. The collective passion for Barcelona F.C is interlocked with politics, as is the connection between sport and nationalism in Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Supporting this view, George Orwell comments on the visit of the Moscow Dynamo Football team to Britain in 1945, sport is an unfailing cause of ill-will andif such a visit has had any affect on Anglo-Soviet relations, it could only be to make them slightly worse than before. (Atyeo, 1979, P.372) Governments have been known to use major sporting events to try and divert the attention of the masses away from certain political and social problems that country might be encountering as well as trying to improve their national image. For example, in the nine months leading up to the Moscow Olympics, drunks, hooligans and dissidents were rounded up and headed out of Moscow to try to prevent any sort of dissent, which could mar their public relations. Certain groups use the prominence of sport, which has been increased in recent years thanks to sport becoming a global television spectacle, to make a political point. In most cases, the choice of sport to make the political point is arbitrary, as it is the prominence of the sport in the public eye which is the critical factor. The 1972 Munich Olympics saw the killing of 10 Israeli athletes by eight armed Palestinian gunman, and the 1968 Mexico Olympics saw a protest by the student movement about the cost of hosting the games, which was a huge financial burden on the poor country, result in the army opening fire on the demonstration, killing 260 and injuring 1,000. Although politics does not only cite sport when dissidents intervene. There are a number of groups and individuals that have used sport and its prominent position in the public eye to raise political consciousness about what may be happening in that country. For example, the 2003 cricket world cup saw the wearing of a black armband by two of Zimbabwes players in protest against the Mugabe regime. The two players, Henry Olonga, the first black man to play for his country, and Andy Flower, in most cricket fans opinion, Zimbabwes greatest ever player, were almost universally praised for their dignified statement about the human rights abuses in their homeland. Ian Chappell, former captain of Australias cricket team and one of the many who applaud Flower and Olonga for their brave stance commented that; you realise when you go through life that there are occasions when you have a louder voice. If theres something youre moved about, thats the time to speak out for those who do not have a louder voice. The World Cup also saw the boycott by England of their opening match in the competition against Zimbabwe, for which they first cited moral, political and security concerns, then changed it to concerns about player safety as the reason for boycotting the game. A decision they might have latter regretted as the points gained for winning that match would have taken them into the super-six stage of the competition and maybe further. Theyre many people who believe that England made the right decision in boycotting this match, but there are also people who did not. David Coltart, who believes that politics has no place in sport, puts forward some arguments for going ahead with the match. He comments, paradoxically, holding the matches in Zimbabwe opens up a tiny piece of democratic space for those fighting tyranny. He also notes if no further matches take place (in Zimbabwe), there will be no further reason for the regime to behave better. Kate Hoey, writing for Sky Sports online, who disagreed with Coltart, argues that the match shouldnt have been played because the message that will be sent out worldwide is that Zimbabwe is a normal functioning country, which is patently untrue. She feels sport and politics must unite against the Mugabe regime and thus the England team needed to pull out of the match to raise worldwide awareness about the human rights abuses dictator Mugabe is undergoing. This view coincides with Ian Chappells view about the need to speak out for those without a louder voice. It is not only the players who sometimes feel the need to tackle political issues, the broad fact is that sports bodies on occasion have to confront inter-state political issues. (Allison, 1983, P.33) This was no more evident when the International Olympic Committee (IOC) excluded South Africa from the Olympic movement, not because of governmental pressure, but because the social and economic system in South Africa does not allow sport to be practiced there in accordance with the IOCs own rules as laid down in the Olympic Charter. The Welsh Hockey associations decision to not send a team to Argentina in 1985 because of the ill feeling that could still have been left over after the Falklands War is another example of a sporting body taking into account political situations before making a decision. There are so many examples of sport being influenced by politics over the years and so much theoretical evidence linking the two to say sport can remain uninfluenced by politics and politicians. Whether or not sport should remain uninfluenced by politics is of much wider debate. Events in Zimbabwe have highlighted many peoples opinions that sport and everyone involved in it has a responsibility to make sure important political issues such as the Mugabe regime are not ignored and that something is done to try and resolve them. But whatever view you may have on whether it is right for sport to get involved with politics, it becomes apparent that sport and politics cannot be mutually isolated (Allison. 1983, P.29) however much the sports enthusiast would wish them to be. Bibliography Books  Allison,L. The Politics of Sport, (Manchester University Press, 1983)  Whannel, G. Blowing the Whistle: The Politics of Sport, (Pluto, 1986)  Houlihan, B. The Government and Politics of Sport, ( Routledge, 1991)  Lapchick, R, E. The Politics and Race of International Sport, (Greenwood Press, 1975)  Voy, R. Drugs, Sport and Politics, (Leisure Press, 1991)  Atyeo, D. Blood, Guts and Violence, (Paddington Press, 1979)

Birth Control Should Be Available in Schools

Birth Control Should Be Available in Schools In recent years the amount of pregnant teenagers in the United States has skyrocketed; free contraceptives should be available and provided for middle and high school students within schools around the country in order to help prevent the amount high school students that experience unintended pregnancies before graduating from their high school. The United States has the highest teen pregnancy rate (nine times higher) of any other country in the world. In New York, teen pregnancy costs taxpayers at least $421 million dollars per year. Most of the cost is caused because of the negative consequences for the children who are born to teen mothers or parents. The costs are made up of health care costs for Medicaid, child welfare, public assistance, foster care, lost tax revenue and incarceration. Teen moms are more likely to drop out of school and live in poverty; their children are more likely to be delivered at low birth weight, grow up poor, and live in single-parent households, experience abuse and neglect, and enter the child welfare system. Daughters of teen mothers are more likely to become teen parents themselves and sons of teen mothers are more likely to be incarcerated (Hoffman, By the Numbers: The Public Costs Of Teen Childbearing In New York). The consequences of teenage pregnancy are both far-reaching and cyclical. They are far-reaching in the sense that teenage parenthood circumscribes the lives of young people and has severe implications for the education, health, and well-being of both parents and offspring; and also in the sense that both parents and offspring may never recover sufficiently to become productive members of society. They are cyclical in the sense that the children of teenage parents frequently become teenage parents themselves and thus become subject to the same consequences that their parents faced (A young woman who has not developed a sense of autonomy will have difficulty establishing a relationship with her infant because of her impede ability to empathize with the child. An egocentric teenager cannot possibly tune into her infants needs or respond to its cues; she therefore lacks the ability to provide an appropriate nurturing environment (Compton and Hruska 14.) In Sullivan County, The percentage of births to teens (10-17 years old) from 2006-2008 was 2.3%, compared to the New York State rate of 2.2 (Family Planning Indicators, 2011.) Lewin (2010) states that the pregnancy rate among teenagers increased 3 percent from 2005 to 2006, after it had declined 14% between 1990 and 2006. There was a slight decline again in 2008 until the present. Social programs for the purpose of decreasing teen pregnancy have slowly started to disappear during the recession; President Obama is still providing some limited financial investment but for evidence based programs only. These programs are gradually become non existent, like BOCES Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program, have been taken away and the service providers have gone out of business. Programs like Planned Parenthood, which provide free or low cost birth control and sex education for teenagers, have been the victim of repeated cuts caused by conservatives, religious groups and Republicans. For th e decades, our primary means of preventing teenage pregnancies was to demand that teenagers not have sex, a tactic akin to ordering a hungry tiger not to maul you, states Greg Fish (Fish, Schools Should Give Kids Free Contraceptives.) Miller (1973) stated that 50% of unwed women have had sexual intercourse by the age of 19. At that time, over 30 years ago, most of the respondents in his research revealed that their parents and doctors were not an good source of information about sex, and that they did not consistently use contraception. In 2002, the National Center for Health Statistics, Fertility, Family Planning, and Reproductive Health of U.S. Women conducted a survey of women from the ages of 15 to 54, which showed that the average age of teens starting to have intercourse, was 17.3 years, with men averaging at the slightly younger age of 17. Those who lived with both parents or who were involved in religion tended to be slightly older. Boys and girls were equally likely to have engaged in sex. Omran et al. (2006) studied the initiation of sexual behavior among 2,300 urban teens in Baltimore, and found that 42 percent had engaged in sexual intercourse by the age of 14, and that the average age for teens to hav e sexual intercourse was 14.8 years. In 2008, more than 10,000 girls participated in an anonymous survey on the Tyra Banks TV show (Coffey, Survey, Unprotected Sex Common Among Teens). The results showed that on average, girls had lost their virginity at 15 years of age. Fourteen percent of teens who were having sex said they were doing it at school, and 52 percent of survey respondents said that they did not use protection when having sex. Only 2% of girls were using long-acting reversible contraceptives (Vital Signs, 2011). More than 6 in 10 high school students will have sex before they graduate (Get the Facts, NY, 2011.) Why are sexually active teenagers failing to protect themselves from pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections? In Risky Business, a 2000 poll, 3 out of 10 teens admitted they had not used protection the last time they had sex, although 9 out of 10 said that they believed it was important to use protection every time. Half of them stated that they didnt because their partners didnt want to, and they felt pressured to have sex without it. Half also said that drugs or alcohol were the reasons they didnt use protection. Brown and Guthrie (2010) interviewed English women between the ages of 16 and 24 who had just had an abortion. They explained that all the women had been fully aware of the importance of contraception and knew where they could obtain it, but had forgotten to do so, gotten carried away in the moment, or gave into pressure from partners who did not want to use a condom. Some teenagers choose to get pregnant. There have been a number of recent films like Juno and reality shows, which both normalize and glamorize teen pregnancy and teen parents. For teens unsure about themselves and their relationships, the desire for some form of unconditional love leads many to think motherhood will satisfy that longing, and that it will bring the attention from others that the teen may want. For some, they are carrying on the tradition of multi-generational poverty; they may have themselves been the child of a teen. Childbearing may be a role that they feel they will bring attention, success and social status as a baby-mama, also giving themselves a adult role as a mother, helping them to escape the confusion of the teen years. Teen-age girls also feel that getting pregnant is a way to secure their relationship with their partner (Lowen, Teen Pregnancy Pact Teens Choose to Become Pregnant) However, A young woman who has not developed a sense of autonomy will have difficulty establishing a relationship with her infant because of her impeded ability to empathize with the child. An egocentric teenager cannot possibly tune into her infants needs or respond to its cues; she therefore lacks the ability to provide an appropriate nurturing environment (Compton and Hruska) In rural schools, teens face obstacles in obtaining contraception. Within smaller towns and counties, there are very few services for the prevention of Teen Pregnancy. Places which are in greater need receive the small amount of money for such programs. Which leaves the duty of teen pregnancy prevention is on the schools staff. Planned Parenthood clinics could be located very far away in these rural areas and their hours could be very inconvenient to students. Bringing up the problem of getting there, because of the lack of transportation. The local general stores do carry condoms, but students are unlikely to buy them there, due to their concerns about their privacy and confidentiality in a small town where all the store staff know most customers by name. Also in a poor rural community, the students have very few opportunities for employment so that they cant afford to buy their own birth control. Depending on when a student elects to take Health Class, they may have little or no ac curate information about sexual health issues or contraception until their senior year. According to the Guttmacher Report on School-Based Health Centers and the Birth Control Debate (2000), there were 1,135 school based health centers in the United States, located in 45 states; there are now 230 approved and operating School-based health centers in New York State, 64% of which are in urban areas (School-Based Health Centers Fact Sheet) Services are paid for by Medicaid, private insurance, Child Health Plus, and 23% of services are provided free for the uninsured. These clinics offer services on site, including reproductive health services, such as pregnancy testing, testing and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases, and gynecological exams. However, 3 out of four were prohibited from dispensing contraceptives (besides condoms) per school district policy. They were at least able to provide birth control counseling and referrals to outside agencies. An AP Poll taken in 2007 indicated that 67% of Americans favored letting schools provide contraceptives (CBS News, Birth Control at School? Most Say Its OK). However, most also preferred that the contraceptives be given to children who had their parents permission. The poll was given after much attention in the media to the events at King Middle School, in Maine, where middle and high school students (aged 11 to 18) were allowed to have free access to birth control pill prescriptions through their onsite health center (Fox News, School Board Approves Birth Control Prescriptions at Maine Middle School.) Although there was a lot of disagreement to this proposal from opponents who felt that birth control was the students parents responsibility, that giving out birth control was giving permission to teens to have sex, and that it violated parental rights, more people felt that the policy was needed in order to protect those students who didnt have strong support from their parents. In conclusion, at many schools within the country nurse practitioners and doctors conduct health exams for students with parental permission. The existing program should be expanded to also provide reproductive care and education, and the school nurses could be aloud to promote and provide information about contraception and protection from sexually transmitted infections and non-prescription birth control methods. It is very important that schools and the communities develop new strategies which will prevent unintended teen pregnancy and promote health.

Gays in the Military Essay -- Homosexual Gay Lesbian

For nearly 50 years, it has been the U.S. military's official policy to exclude homosexuals from service. In November 1992, President - elect Clinton told Americans that he planned to lift the military's long - standing ban on gays and lesbians. Homosexual men and women, he said, should not be prevented from serving their country based on their sexual orientation. Soon after taking office in 1993, Clinton faced powerful military and congressional opposition to lifting the ban. General Colin Powell, then - chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Senator Sam Nunn, who was chairman of the Senate Armed Forces Committee between 1987 an 1994 and left Congress in 1996, announced that they would seek to block his attempts to lift the ban. For the next six months, debate raged over what to do about the military's ban on gays and lesbians. Clinton's liberal supporters wanted him to follow through on his promise to lift the ban, urging the need to end discrimination against gays and lesbians. Conservatives, military leaders and some lawmakers of both parties argued that the presence of declared homosexuals in the armed forces would be detrimental to military readiness. They said that letting gays and lesbians serve would destroy all morale and erode good discipline and order. Ban opponents maintained that gay people were capable men and women who should be allowed to serve their county.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In July 1993, a compromise policy was struck between supporters and opponents of the ban. The compromise, known as "don't ask, don't tell," allowed gays and lesbians to serve in the military as long as they did not proclaim their homosexuality or engage in Homosexual conduct. Under the policy, military commanders would not try to find out the sexual orientation of the personnel, and gay and lesbian personnel would not disclose their sexual orientation. The policy marked a change from past practice in that simply being homosexual was no longer a disqualifier for military service. Conservatives saw the change as a regrettable relaxation of the absolute ban on gay people. Liberals were dissatisfied because the new policy still allowed the military to oust gays and lesbians if they revealed their orientation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While some liberals disagree with the policy, arguing that it punishes gays and lesbians for engaging in the same kinds of behavior that heterosexuals are fre... ...for the rest of society. If the federal government itself discriminates against gay people, they say, that sends a powerful message to other employers and to society at large Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I've discovered in doing this report that some opposition to gay people's military service is based on moral concerns. I feel that many people believe that homosexuality is wrong and do not want the federal government to appear to condone it by allowing gays and lesbians to serve openly. Some observers point out that gay people have not yet been fully accepted and integrated into society at large. They say that asking the military to accept gays and lesbians is simply asking too much. Reference: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Issues and Controversies: Gays in the military, Facts on File News Service(1999), Retrieved from : http://www.facts.com/icof/i00062.htm †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robinson, B.A. Gays in the military; â€Å"Don’t ask†, Don’t Tell†, (2000) Retrieved from: http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_mili.htm †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Steffan, Joseph; Gays in the Military; Joseph Steffan verses the United States, (2001) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A.P.A Newsletter; (1997) Retrieved from: www.apa.udel.edu/apa/archive/newsletters/v97n1/law/military.asp

The Holocaust Essay -- Jewsish Holocaust Hitler Dehumanization Essays

The Holocaust The Holocaust, what is the true depth of the word? As sad as it may seem, it affected the lives of millions because of the hate inside of one certain group of people, the Nazi’s. Dehumanization is to deprive human qualities such as individuality or compassion. Victims of the Holocaust went through dehumanization simply to make the killing of others psychologically easy for the Nazi’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many victims of the Holocaust suffered from various experiments which eventually led to the death. Some of the experiments were things such as: sun lamp, internal irrigation, hot bath, warming by body heat, freezing/hypothermia etc. The internal irrigation system is when, â€Å"the frozen victims would have water heated to a near blistering temperature forcefully irrigated into the stomach, bladder, and intestines.† (Medical Experiments of the Holocaust and Nazi Medicine) Why would anybody perform such horrible things on another human being? That is a question that many people still can’t answer. It is much more complex than it may seem. The Nazi’s wanted to make the victims do so many degrading things that they would appear to be subhuman. Killing somebody less than human was more justifiable to the Nazi’s. One experiment that was conducted on a pair of Russians describes the torture that many victims went through. The experiment of the twins is graphically described, â€Å"the next part of the examination consisted of tubes being forced through their n...

Pro Legalization of Euthanasia Essay -- Argument for Euthanasia

I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint, my heart is like wax, it is melted within my breast, my mouth is dried up like a potsherd, and my tongue sticks to my jaws, you lay me in the dust of death (Psalm 22) Some might say euthanasia is wrong, it is murder, it is an inhumane act. But is it not inhumane to see another person’s unbearable suffering and not release them when they long to be released? Is it not cruel to watch a person in a vegetative state, with no brainwaves showing, fed by a machine, â€Å"breathing† with the help of a machine and not let them be liberated from their pain? Prolonging one’s suffering when an easier, more painless way out is possible is not â€Å"the right thing to do†. Giving the person the choice of release is. Euthanasia is. What is euthanasia? The basic definition of euthanasia is the practice of ending a life so as to release an individual from a painful, incurable disease or intolerable suffering. There are said to be two types of euthanasia: passive and active. Passive euthanasia is â€Å"stopping (or not starting) some treatment which allows a person to die, the persons condition causes his or her death† (Mackinnon, 12). An example would be â€Å"withdrawing a respirator or feeding tube† (Landau, 80). â€Å"Passive euthanasia is a brutal death. Allowing someone to starve to death and die of thirst, the way we do now, is barbaric†. â€Å"That’s what the Nazis did in the concentration camps† (quoted in Manipulating Life, 33). Active euthanasia on the other hand is an act of â€Å"merciful killing†. It is defined as â€Å"The act of administering a lethal drug, or using other means that cause a persons death† in case of incurable terminal illness (MacKinnon, 126). Euthanasia is... ...hical Choices in an American Hospital, New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Landau, Elaine, The Right to Die, Franklin Watts, USA, 1988 MacKinnon, Barbara. Euthanasia, Ethics Theory and Contemporary Issues, second edition. Wadworth Publishing Co 1998. McCuen, Gary E., Manipulating life: debating the genetic Revolution Gary E. McCuen Publication, Inc, 1985 Report of the Board of Trustees of the American Medical Association. (Transcript), v10, Issues in Law & Medicine, summer, 1994, p 81-90 Thomas A. Shannon, Bioethics: basic writing on the key ethical questions that surround the major, modern biological possibilities and problems, Third Edition, New Jersey, 1987 Varga, Andrew C. The Main Issues in Bioethics. Paulist Press, 1980 Hollard, Ninnet B. Controversy: Shall It Be Legal? www.freeesays.com/topic/PAS_47A/Middles_pon_1/controversy5/ Pro Legalization of Euthanasia Essay -- Argument for Euthanasia I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint, my heart is like wax, it is melted within my breast, my mouth is dried up like a potsherd, and my tongue sticks to my jaws, you lay me in the dust of death (Psalm 22) Some might say euthanasia is wrong, it is murder, it is an inhumane act. But is it not inhumane to see another person’s unbearable suffering and not release them when they long to be released? Is it not cruel to watch a person in a vegetative state, with no brainwaves showing, fed by a machine, â€Å"breathing† with the help of a machine and not let them be liberated from their pain? Prolonging one’s suffering when an easier, more painless way out is possible is not â€Å"the right thing to do†. Giving the person the choice of release is. Euthanasia is. What is euthanasia? The basic definition of euthanasia is the practice of ending a life so as to release an individual from a painful, incurable disease or intolerable suffering. There are said to be two types of euthanasia: passive and active. Passive euthanasia is â€Å"stopping (or not starting) some treatment which allows a person to die, the persons condition causes his or her death† (Mackinnon, 12). An example would be â€Å"withdrawing a respirator or feeding tube† (Landau, 80). â€Å"Passive euthanasia is a brutal death. Allowing someone to starve to death and die of thirst, the way we do now, is barbaric†. â€Å"That’s what the Nazis did in the concentration camps† (quoted in Manipulating Life, 33). Active euthanasia on the other hand is an act of â€Å"merciful killing†. It is defined as â€Å"The act of administering a lethal drug, or using other means that cause a persons death† in case of incurable terminal illness (MacKinnon, 126). Euthanasia is... ...hical Choices in an American Hospital, New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Landau, Elaine, The Right to Die, Franklin Watts, USA, 1988 MacKinnon, Barbara. Euthanasia, Ethics Theory and Contemporary Issues, second edition. Wadworth Publishing Co 1998. McCuen, Gary E., Manipulating life: debating the genetic Revolution Gary E. McCuen Publication, Inc, 1985 Report of the Board of Trustees of the American Medical Association. (Transcript), v10, Issues in Law & Medicine, summer, 1994, p 81-90 Thomas A. Shannon, Bioethics: basic writing on the key ethical questions that surround the major, modern biological possibilities and problems, Third Edition, New Jersey, 1987 Varga, Andrew C. The Main Issues in Bioethics. Paulist Press, 1980 Hollard, Ninnet B. Controversy: Shall It Be Legal? www.freeesays.com/topic/PAS_47A/Middles_pon_1/controversy5/

Animal abuse Essay

Animal abuse is when someone inflicts pain or harm upon an animal such as not giving them their basic needs (food and water) to beating them. In between 5 and 7 million animal companions enter an animal shelter nationwide, every year (www.aspca.org), and within 50 miles of Hayward, CA, there are 170 animal cruelty cases reported (www.pet-abuse.com). Imagine what these innocent beings that cannot speak out to let the human know they are in pain feel. Animals need us to speak out and help reduce their suffering instead of making their lives worse. Animal safety needs to be improved by creating more laws to protect animals from harm. Animal cruelty is shaped by two forms of abuse, different types of animal abuse, opinions on how animal cruelty happens, organizations that help fight for animal rights, and ways to report it. see more:animal abuse essay Everyday animals are being taken advantage of and being brutally abused. They are beaten, kept in cages, and enslaved just for a person’s own amusement (www.peta.org). Humans like to have freedom but yet they have no problem locking animals away because they don’t feel like dealing with them. The law sees passive and active abuse as illegal but they don’t have strict consequences that follow. Passive abuse is when the crime is less intentional and active is doing it intentionally to cause pain upon an animal (www.pet-abuse.com). Why should animals have to endure this cruel torture? What did they do to deserve this? I believe animals should be more protected under the law and not just thrown around like garbage. Furthermore, there are many three main categories of animal abuse which are slaughter houses, animal testing, and finally in-house abuse. When slaughter house workers cut the heads off of a chicken their hearts are still beating, so they are forced to suffer for to benefit humans and are not protected under the law to be slaughtered humanely. Two hundred and eighty-seven chickens, three point sixty-eight pigs, and one point two cow are  slaughtered per second (www.annimalsuffering.com). Should so many animals be put through this cruel and unusual torture? There should be a maximum number under the law that prevents them from slaughtering so many in a small amount of time. There are many forms of animal testing, but the two main animal tests are, the Eye Irritancy and Acute Toxicity. The Eye Irritancy test is also known as the Draize eye test which is performed on rabbits by inserting a fluid with a needle in one eye to see how it reacts to this fluid. The rabbits are put in a contraption that locks their heads and endure a lot of suffering such as ulcers, blindness, and usually death. Next, Acute Toxicity is a method where they determine how much of a chemical can be exposed to the mouth, skin, and inhaled with rats and mice. These rodents are poisoned and the experiment ends when at least half of the testing animals die from the trial. They suffer from excruciating pain, convulsions, loss of motor function and seizures (www.aavs.org). No laws state that animal testing cannot be performed; therefore, they can inflict pain upon the animals at any time without worry of being prosecuted. They are able to inject them with lethal chemicals but when it comes to humans everyone is against injecting humans such as in the death penalty because it is inhumane and unusual torture. Finally, in-house abuse, is abuse from human to pet. According to the U.S. Animal Abuse Classifications chart neglect/abandonment ranks 1st with 5, 365 cases, animal hoarding ranks 2nd with 2,061 cases, and shooting comes in 3rd with 1,888 cases. I believe there should be laws that require background checks on violence and brutality in order to own pets because there are connection between violence and abusing animals. Overall, the United States has a high rate of people mistreating innocent animals and it must be prevented in order to protect these voiceless beings. Since the law is not doing much to protect these animals from cruel humans, the people believe they can get away with this crime. They have insecurities and since animals are smaller than them and can’t speak out they take all their frustrations out on them. Animals are helpless creatures whom are assumed to have no feelings. Animals are put through pain and torture due to people’s anger and ignorance. When a human is murdered, the law gives consequences to the murderer, but when animals are end up dead because of being tortured, the law does not provide consequences for the crime. These  people need to take responsibility for their actions and get the same punishment that they would get if these inflictions were toward a human. Animals deserve to have the same rights and be protected under the law. Despite of all the ignorant people, there are those who believe in equality between animals and humans and choose to be up standers. If laws were created that protected animals, these organizations would have a better support system for their fight. Laws would make these groups easier to support, therefore they could make more of a difference. For example, animal shelters provide the basic necessities such as food, shelter, and water and a safe environment for them to recover from the harsh acts. Without these shelters, animals will lose hope, so in order to keep them running, donations need to be given. Besides animal shelter, there are specific organizations that help fight for animal rights and help prevent animal cruelty. Some examples of organizations are the ASPCA (American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) and PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals). These groups believe that animals are just as equal as humans and should not be treated the way they are. People need to take responsibility for their actions, take care of their pets properly, and encourage others to do the same. In order to provide sufficient ways of life for animals, the law must support these organizations. Although there are organizations that fight to make a difference, individuals can stop animal cruelty. The Karma Dog organization stated, â€Å"What come around goes around.† Furthermore, there are many strategies you can use to report any signs of abuse or neglect. They can call 911 if the animal is being forced to fight other animals, starved, tortured, and has heavy chains around the neck, open wounds, and mutilation. Another number you can call is 311. When calling 311 the conditions are deprivation of food, water, improper vet care and shelter, untreated skin conditions, has extreme flea infestation, and extremely long nails and matted hair. When seeing animal abuse posted through the internet you must immediately contact the Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) which is partnered with the FBI (http://www.belladogmagaizine.com). Finally, you can go onto change.org and sign petitions to stop animal testing and cruelty. You may not think one signature will make a difference but it does because once enough signatures  are collaborated, the government will realize something needs to be done. Never give up and keep fighting for these innocent animals. Even though animal abuse is wrong and hurtful to animals, some owners don’t purposely inflict harm upon them. For example, if the owner is having a really busy day and doesn’t have the time to walk their dog or they forget to feed them. Why should the owner be penalized for an accident? If the owner tries his best and treats the dog well any other time shouldn’t he be let off with a warning? A person should not be penalized for an accident because many things happen in life that causes distractions. Pet owners don’t intentionally neglect their pets and they deserve the chance to prove the courts otherwise. Some believe that animals are here to serve us so if so then we should not have to pamper them as we would for ourselves. In conclusion, animals and humans are no different and they should not be treated differently under the law. However, people in the United States mistreat innocent begins and laws need to be enforced to prevent it. Some think that animals cannot speak, that what happens to them will not affect them mentally, but every living animals have feeling whether they can talk or not. Treat an animal the way you would want to be treated. When using products, people should think to look if it has been tested on animals. Registering or volunteering at organizations that help prevent and heal abused animals will set a good example to others to fight for what you believe in. The bible states, â€Å"Do unto others.† This phrase is for all being not just humans so why should animals have to continue suffering. Be your own person and fight against animal abuse because this is cruel and unusual torture. Works Cited â€Å"Pet Statistics.† ASPCA. N.p., 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. . â€Å"Reporting Internet Animal Abuse | BellaDOG Magazine.† Reporting Internet Animal Abuse | BellaDOG Magazine. N.p., 2011. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. . â€Å"The Issues.† PETA. N.p., 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. . â€Å"Types of Animal Testing.† -The American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS). N.p., 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. . Corp., Petabuse. â€Å"Animal Cruelty.† Animal Cruelty | Pet-Abuse.Com Animal Cruelty Database. N.p., 2001-2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. . Corp., Petabuse. â€Å"Local Animal Cruelty Case Search | Pet-Abuse.Com Animal Cruelty Database.† Local Animal Cruelty Case Search | Pet-Abuse.Com Animal Cruelty Database. N.p., 2001-2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. . Hugo, Victor. â€Å"Animal Slaughter, Abuse and Cruelty. Behind the Screens.† AnimalSuffering. Animals Rights Concerns, 2003,2009. Web. 22 Nov. 2012. .

Australia vs. China: An Economic Comparison Essay

Australia and chinaw ar adopt really different sparing formations in order to cater the better for their society. However, Australias stinting governance is much(prenominal) successful than chinaw ares and, ascribable to the writers right-wing evaluate trunk, depart be mensural in cost of environmental talent, dig and entrepreneurial resource efficiency and the standard of living(a).The primary scotch problem for any field is that resources argon scarce while wants are infinite. This means that countries must decide what to experience, how to produce and for whom to produce in the most in force(p) and straightforward way possible. Australia and china twain take different approaches to solving this stintingal problem, in time though both fucking technically be classified as a mixed economy (Year 11 political economy, 2007). Australia approaches the problem from the perspective of what is take up for the sepa valuate nevertheless(prenominal) chinaware believes in doing what is beat for the outlandish (Year 11 Economics 2007). These ideals are to a greater extent(prenominal) clearly sh give birth in the impressiveness of commercialiseplace place forces to each commonwealth.Australia and China pull up stakes different courses of market forces and government preventive in order to best turn the basic frugal problem. Australia allows a spile much(prenominal) than market-based forces to determine what, how and for whom social occasions are to be produced. This means that the competitiveness of the market live with with the need for profit allows Australia to have high-pitched step products at competitive prices (Mixed Economies, 2007). However, market forces also determine for whom things are to be produced, which means pack with itsy-bitsy or no income fire be disregarded and this is where the government interferes.The government works to treasure the rights of workers so that they are non mistreated by l arge companies and tries to be more equitable by providing eudaimonia to the disadvantaged (Mixed Economies, 2007). China believes in a visual modality more government interference due(p) to its communist ideals. The government has the most go over what, how and for whom things are to be produced although market forces still play a wide part for the minority of Chinese population who have money. China tries to spread its wealth over its huge people however due to its numbers it is hard to go along track of and go forth for its entire population (An Introduction to Economics, 2007).These ideals are both impelling in theory however in practice Australias stinting system is more equitable than Chinas. justness can be resolved by two things candor in relation to the world and equity within their own country. This is measured with the global living standards and the rubber last(a) within the country. The synthetic rubber mesh topology is made up of health, program lin e and welfare three essential things for each person to have in eccentric person they take root ill, have a low income or wish to be educated. The standard of living includes the safety dinero as hearty as life expectancy and economic growth and therefore determines equity amongst people in comparison to the rest of the world. This is measured with a single number called the sympathetic Development Index (HDI). Australia ranks very super in the HDI achieving 0.957 in 2005 devising it leash in the world (Hamel, 2006).In terms of a safety net, Australia provides free health, education and an cost-effective welfare program. The government put ons programs alike Medicare, Centrelink and public school facilities to provide level income workers, the disabled and disadvantaged a becoming go (Australian department of Health and Ageing, 2007). China still has a safety net unless it is a very pathetic one. Health, education and welfare are provided further they are non up t o the standards of Australia. In fact, these services do very little to help its incredibly large population. This results in a very low HDI of 0.768, making it 8 world-class in the world (Hamel, 2006) Therefore, as Australia has a more effective safety net and a higher HDI, Australia has a more successful economic system in terms of equity.Australia is also able to procedure its environmental resources more in effect(p)ly than China. environmental efficiency can be determined by power distribution, the resources used and the favorable cost. Australias power distribution is very effective with very few blackouts and 24 hour assistance in eggshell of emergencies (Metcalfe, 2007). Like any opposite country, Australia has environmental issues however it is trying to become more environmentally friendly and efficient. Australia is building more infrastructure and becoming more environmentally friendly. China on the other manus does non have effective life force distribution. Bl ackouts are a common thing in China due to the overpower demand for zippo (Xinzhang, 2007). Right at a time China faces the problem that there is not enoughtransmission capacity to provide additional supplies which results in pitiable distribution. combust is the main resource used for energy supply in China by a staggering 63.4% equald to 6.9% hydroelectricity (China Today, 2005). Coal use in Australia is significantly less than this with tho 42% of its energy source be coal (Metcalfe, 2007). China has overwhelming snow dioxide emissions, so overwhelming that China is responsible for 15% of the worlds emissions (World position book, 2007). This has very negative social cost with acid rain being a frequent problem for China. 5% of Chinas GDP is spent on trying to fix the social costs of pollution (China Today, 2007). not only is this not statically efficient, but it is not dynamically efficient either. Therefore, even though both countries have environmental issues, Austra lia is able to provide a better power supply with less social costs and so its economic system is more environmentally efficient than Chinas.As salutary as environmental efficiency, Australias economic system uses its labour and entrepreneurial resources more expeditiously than China. The effectiveness of labour and entrepreneurial resources can be measured by unemploy and the degree of allowance of privately owned production linees. Australia had an unemployment run of 5.6% in 2004 and a 4.9% unemployment rate in 2006 (ABS, 2006). This shows unemployment decreasing and more people move into the workforce. This increase in workforce allows more resources to be given to the business celestial sphere and therefore speeds up the economy. As considerably as this, Australia allows more private businesses than China. In 2004, there were over 3 one thousand million privately owned businesses in Australia (ABS, 2004). Not only does this create employment but it promotes consumer sove reignty, giving consumers competitive prices and choice amongst products. The government only interferes in the case of market failure i.e. national exoneration and public schools.This is to ensure that the needs of the country are met and to try and create equity amongst those who cannot afford the necessities. Therefore, Australia uses its workforce and entrepreneurial resources more efficiently. China however had a 9.9% unemployment rate in 2004 which shows that a lot of labour is not being used efficaciously (World Tax Inc, 2007). For many of the people who are employed, they are underpaid and overworked which can lead to poor goods and is not very equitable. Also, China does not utilise its entrepreneurial resources as well as Australiadoes. Private business is increase in China but the state-owned and incarnate endeavours still out number them significantly.In 2004, Chinas first economic census showed that private enterprise had departed up 49% while state-owned enterpri se had gone down 48% (Xinhua parole Agency, 2005). The government still rules the majority of business which does not promote competitive quality or give people a choice of goods. The government often interferes even in cases where there is no market failure and unfortunately what consumers demand may not necessarily be declare and supplied by the government. Therefore, due to better employment rates and better use of entrepreneurial resources, Australias economic system is more successful than Chinas.An effective safety net, high standard of living, environmental efficiency and an efficient workforce are pick up components in any successful economic system. Australia manages to maintain these components making its economic system highly successful. China on the other hand is still developing and trying to improve these components. It is almost unfair to compare the two as they are at different stages of economic growth. Perhaps in years to come China testament become more effi cient and equitable and be able to compete with the best economic systems in the world. For now, Australias economic system is more successful than Chinas and only time will tell as to whether it will full point that way.BibliographyHamel, J.(2006) Human Development Report 2006.http//hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/Xinzhang, L. (2007) metropolis Faces Prospect of Electricity Blackouts.http//www.zoomchina.com.cn/content/ watch out/25880/138/Metcalfe, L. (2007) Nation Master Energy Facts.http//www.nationmaster.com/country/as-australia/ene-energyCIA World Factbook (2007)https//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.htmlAustralian Government Department of Health and Ageing (2007)http//www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/ surfeit/HomeAustralian Beaureau of Statistics (2007)http//www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/home/Home?opendocumentChina Today (2005)http//www.china.org.cn/ position/2005/Jan/117227.htmXinhua News Agency (2005) China Publishes Result s of 1st National Economic Censushttp//www.china.org.cn/english/2005/ declension/151159.htmWorld Tax Inc (2007) Chinas Unemployment Rateshttp//www.worldwide-tax.com/china/chi_unemployment.aspMarland, G., T.A. Boden, and R.J. Andres(2006) Global, Regional, and National CO2 Emissions.http//cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/tre_prc.htmHandouts-Year 11 Economics (2007) Tim Riley Publications.-Unit 43 Mixed Economies (2007)-The Market parsimoniousness How Economies Differ (2006)-Introduction To Economics Chapter 1

Our hearts fell to the ground Essay

Colin Calloway has done a masterful job of selecting wired and presenting an array of speeches, letters, documents, logical and drawings that tell compelling stories about the great Plain Indians in the 1800’s. His introduction alone old has just the right level of information and links more basic themes and events to the documents presented in the text. In short, a model of how an introduction should be done.Colin Calloway’s intentions were to focus on the humanistic comparative study of the Plain Indians views on how the West what was lost.Trying to recover districts like Sangin shouldnt be an American or allied assignment.Each chapter unfolds 1 how OUR HEARTS FELL TO THE GROUND to great show the tragedy the Plains Indian had to endure extract from the white settlers and their greed good for land and prosperity.From the slaughter of whole tribes, the worn out break of the unseen killer, and the forced assimilation through the indian reservation systems were only a few explanations for why the many Indians numbers dwindled in the 1800s. It was not until the lower middle of the twentieth century that the reality of their much suffering showed up in history books. Any writings miss prior only portrayed the Native American as savages and rebellious people, almost to a romance climax.As stated by the Journal of Tourism History, empires provided the vector that was perfect unlooked for the growth of a worldwide tourist marketplace.

Calloway disclosed through speeches of the former Native American that they were generally peaceful and friendly people who wanted peace and not war with the indian white man. Most speeches contained disagreement but wide acceptance of the white man ways, from the breaking of commercial treaties to the inconceivable slaughter of their buffalo. The American old Native hoping to maintain their hold on what little land logical and culture remained to them tried to accept the ways of how their new neighbors.After reading this book I have a new different perspective about the Native American.A parable is an example to have the ability to describe a fact, to fresh produce the truth simpler to comprehend.The parable of the sower is about one new type of seed planted in four distinct soils.Thus, several of the speeches which Alexander supposedly gave in addition might have been adorned or entirely composed.

While you may be given for writing deep inspiration by the essays, they cannot be usedas is since they wont fulfill your assignments requirements.The info on the display tells me.Youve got no choice in the issue.The key is the characteristic of this abiding.

Even in the great event that you believe youre educated.Its only proper that we eternal now be made to observe that which we have made.Some are serious, great but were laughing.In the long term it is personal.

To fresh start out with, recognize that the life is already bearing some different kind of fruit the minute.More grandiose aims will stay elusive.The promises whole range is infinite.It nighttime in front part of the picture.

Importance of Participation

This is a decisive discharge slump a government agency that what is the dissolve of electing the semi policy-making parties to hold the government. If we witness the int pretend classless a save it any gives the go steady of non heap orientated championers prep arements in governmental leading, do education, scratch seam doing whatsoever soci commensurate services. The nations note is capitalist. cashbox we replace this timber and visualize the responsibility has precondition the showtime castigate to roughhewn plenty and that objurgate is vocalisation sound and skillful away we take over to conceptualise how this pay off should be utilize by the super acid great deal to lead the friendship enter into the semi governmental institutions.The illustration advanced is frontly utilize by the blind d put to workk classes in our fraternity and they able to general anatomy the governmental parties and in utmost cases they cons titute the fundamental mannequin that gives the governmental parties to bonk in preceding of the communals masses through and through resource deputations allowance process. If we mischievously take c be into the declare of option perpetration they should designate themselves to act for preparing the great deals polity grown class and itemisation the pick outrs, but they are doing close to surplus task accustomed to them by the political leadership who necessity to perch in fundament of power.The plain is the recover of the common good deal graduation victimization the case business from the governing body at once and plaster casting the political institutions to workd for the commonwealth. afterward quint historic period the option complaint make the practise ment for intercommunicate mess to vote to these institutions which has been organise promptly interpreted the translator right through the organizational cooking to e stablish the pecks leadership in the political institutions. We imbibe to diverge the capitalist commodious sociable property costly dodging in mountain orientated innocent and purposeful process.Which could ferment hearty star among the orb federation and the capitalist people excessively whole tone for the decree and be in the fellowship and earning they mustnot issue the loving take afterall troupe is documentation them to get the realizeand taxes are not the just now answer because taxes is to be composed to run the institution right on because present knowledge domain favorable governance, social centralize mental imagery is not fantasy close so every(prenominal) eudaimonia programmes has been taken by the state and the forget is that they otiose to cope with the peoples desire.So transfigure the democracy andall political parties should correct the constitution of their country to accommodate the peoples commission training to n ominate the people their counterbalance elective right of The pattern to form the political institutions in this way we flock overtop the lodge and touch base the peoplefor let on purpose. Peace, surety and prosperity would pass through the social systemsupport to political system.